tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-59275159419426301082024-03-05T15:30:03.862-06:00History SummariesMrs. Richeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16829783318536366625noreply@blogger.comBlogger27125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5927515941942630108.post-45795388966245389082022-05-18T18:59:00.006-05:002022-05-18T19:50:46.199-05:00Virtual Field Trips #museumday May 18th is International Museums Day <p> <a href="https://www.monticello.org/paradox/">PARADOX OF LIBERTY (monticello.org)</a> 3rd President Thomas Jefferson's home, Monticello, Virginia.</p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">National World War I Museum and Memorial - Virtual Tour – Joy of Museums Virtual Tours</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;" /><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://joyofmuseums.com/museums/united-states-of-america/kansas-city-missouri/world-war-i-museum-and-memorial/&source=gmail&ust=1653004103250000&usg=AOvVaw0ZHd3MrcvE_mUeLYPPHIJc" href="https://joyofmuseums.com/museums/united-states-of-america/kansas-city-missouri/world-war-i-museum-and-memorial/" style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;" target="_blank">https://joyofmuseums.com/<wbr></wbr>museums/united-states-of-<wbr></wbr>america/kansas-city-missouri/<wbr></wbr>world-war-i-museum-and-<wbr></wbr>memorial/</a></p><p><b>International Museums Day is May 18th yearly.</b></p><p><a href="https://icom.museum/en/our-actions/events/international-museum-day/">https://icom.museum/en/our-actions/events/international-museum-day/</a> <br /></p><p><a href="https://celebratepicturebooks.com/2022/05/18/may-18-international-museum-day-5/">https://celebratepicturebooks.com/2022/05/18/may-18-international-museum-day-5/</a><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>According to <a href="https://www.calendarlabs.com/holidays/international/international-museum-day.php">https://www.calendarlabs.com/holidays/international/international-museum-day.php</a> :</p><h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: robotoregular, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 7px;">Best Museums in the World</h3><p style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: robotoregular, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 7px 10px; width: 691.438px;">The best museums in the world are popular tourist attractions during the International Museum Day period. This list with some of the best ten museums will also help you determine where to visit during the next Museum Day.</p><p style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: robotoregular, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 7px 10px; width: 691.438px;">1. The Louvre in Paris, France</p><p style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: robotoregular, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 7px 10px; width: 691.438px;">2. British Museum in London, UK</p><p style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: robotoregular, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 7px 10px; width: 691.438px;">3. National Museum of China</p><p style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: robotoregular, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 7px 10px; width: 691.438px;">4. National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC</p><p style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: robotoregular, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 7px 10px; width: 691.438px;">5. Vatican Museum, Vatican City</p><p style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: robotoregular, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 7px 10px; width: 691.438px;">6. National Palace Museum in Taipei Taiwan</p><p style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: robotoregular, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 7px 10px; width: 691.438px;">7. Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, Netherlands</p><p style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: robotoregular, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 7px 10px; width: 691.438px;">8. Museo Nacional Del Prado in Madrid</p><p style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: robotoregular, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 7px 10px; width: 691.438px;">9. National Gallery, Athens</p><p style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #333333; float: none; font-family: robotoregular, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 7px 10px; width: 691.438px;">10. Metropolitan Museum of Art New York, NY</p><p><br /></p>Mrs. Richeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16829783318536366625noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5927515941942630108.post-1527591215184604702020-10-22T15:22:00.003-05:002020-10-22T15:22:43.267-05:00North American History - Annotated Bibliography<p>North American History - Annotated Bibliography</p><p><span> 1 <a href="https://www.timelineindex.com/content/select/1433/45,1340,1433">https://www.timelineindex.com/content/select/1433/45,1340,1433</a> Excellent timeline combined with identification of 437 items. </span> *Note: when expanding entries, the timeline shifts to other categories. Return to previous entry before continuing, in order to stay on task and on topic. ** This is not a scholarly source, it links Wikipedia for further research. Thus, TimeLineIndex is a starting point, but all information needs to be referenced with three sources (that do not reference each other) for accuracy.</p><p><span> 2 </span><br /></p>Mrs. Richeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16829783318536366625noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5927515941942630108.post-4760242067756011942019-12-03T17:36:00.001-06:002019-12-03T21:09:10.693-06:00Maps (active links to collections & video explanations)<a href="http://www.davidrumsey.com/">David Rumsey Map Collection </a><br />
over 94,000 images, zoomable<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.maphistory.info/">Tony Campbell's maps</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.onb.ac.at/museen/globenmuseum/">Globe Museum, Vienna</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IBYzeT2O97g">Types of Map Projections</a><br />
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IBYzeT2O97g">Latitude, Longitude, and Types of Map Projections</a>Mrs. Richeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16829783318536366625noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5927515941942630108.post-6484712934284729502018-11-10T18:00:00.001-06:002019-11-10T22:18:28.995-06:00100th anniversary: Armistice Day/Veteran's Day/Remembrance Day November 11, 1918.On the eleventh month, eleventh day, eleventh hour the "War to End All Wars"/ the Great War / World War I / WWI ends.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cd2ch4XV84s">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cd2ch4XV84s</a><br />
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fi1OyVB2laY&spfreload=10">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fi1OyVB2laY&spfreload=10</a>Mrs. Richeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16829783318536366625noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5927515941942630108.post-21076363548260883062018-06-05T04:28:00.000-05:002018-06-05T04:28:48.965-05:00Identify (ID): The Peloponnesian WarExplanation:<br />
A testing method for history students is the ID or "identify" a person or event from history in as little as two sentences. Keep the IDs very concise, and save your time for the longer essay(s). Study for your exam by rewriting these IDs after each lecture ("revision notes") and reviewing them by the "spaced-repetition" method.<br />
<br />
Example:<br />
The Peloponnesian War (431 B.C. to 404 B.C.) was a series of battles between Sparta and her allies versus Athens and her allies in the region of Greece. The Athenian general and historian, Thucydides, wrote volumes on the Peloponnesian War of which he was an eye-witness until he was exiled. Sparta and her allies won. <br />
Grade: With the assumption that an exam would be taken in a proctored room and written out with pen on paper, the order of the sentences would not be editable, but an arrow could be inserted if done neatly. The above ID example would earn likely lose two to three points for attaching a Thucydides ID in sentence two instead of explaining the cause of the war, the method of warfare, and the resulting significance.= 2/5<br />
<br />Mrs. Richeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16829783318536366625noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5927515941942630108.post-27256412042514380422017-12-31T21:19:00.001-06:002017-12-31T21:19:42.100-06:00 Lunar v. Solar calendars The oldest lunar calendars were found in caves in France and Germany. One such lunar "chart" was marks made on an animal bone, and another on the wall of a cave.2,3<br />
<img src="https://sservi.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/drupal/mooncarving.jpg" /><br />
The first recorded change from lunar to solar calendars was made by the Egyptians. The rise of the Sirius above the horizon, just before dawn, indicated when the Nile would flood.1 The solar calendar of 365 days and 6 hours. "Instead of 32 years with the moon, it is 1460 years before Sirius rises again on the first day of the first month."1, 4<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="Image result for sirius at sunrise in egypt" class="sgt rms_img" data-bm="24" data-priority="2" data-src-hq="https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.ZfCeNQdINfGJ7QpAYVppwgHaHI&w=92&h=105&c=8&rs=1&qlt=90&dpr=1.090909&pid=3.1&rm=2" height="320" id="emb113A5515E" src="https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.ZfCeNQdINfGJ7QpAYVppwgHaHI&w=92&h=105&c=8&rs=1&qlt=90&dpr=1.090909&pid=3.1&rm=2" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="280" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sirius</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Twelve lunar months make up 354 days. The a lunar calendar is eleven days shorter than a solar calendar year. The Muslim calendar rights itself every 32 years. The Babylonians, Roman Republic, and the Jewish calendars add(ed) a month to make up for the shortage. 1<br />
"The lunar month on the Jewish calendar begins when the first sliver of moon
becomes visible after the dark of the moon. In ancient times, the new months
used to be determined by observation. When people observed the new moon, they
would notify the Sanhedrin. When the Sanhedrin heard testimony from two
independent, reliable eyewitnesses that the new moon occurred on a certain
date, they would declare the <a href="http://www.jewfaq.org/defs/chodesh.htm">rosh chodesh</a> (first
of the month) and send out messengers to tell people when the month began."5 Festivals and religious holidays always occur on the same Jewish calendar day, unlike the civil calendar.5<br />
<br />
1 <a href="http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac06">http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac06</a><br />
2 <a href="https://sservi.nasa.gov/articles/oldest-lunar-calendars/">https://sservi.nasa.gov/articles/oldest-lunar-calendars/</a><br />
3 <i>Aurignacian Lunar Calendar(image) from source 2</i><br />
<i>4 <a href="https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.ZfCeNQdINfGJ7QpAYVppwgHaHI&w=92&h=105&c=8&rs=1&qlt=90&dpr=1.090909&pid=3.1&rm=2">https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.ZfCeNQdINfGJ7QpAYVppwgHaHI&w=92&h=105&c=8&rs=1&qlt=90&dpr=1.090909&pid=3.1&rm=2</a> (image of Sirius)</i> <br />
5 <a href="http://www.jewfaq.org/calendar.htm">http://www.jewfaq.org/calendar.htm</a><br />
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<br />Mrs. Richeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16829783318536366625noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5927515941942630108.post-21960737003616241212017-11-12T21:28:00.001-06:002017-11-12T21:28:21.388-06:00Century Anniversaries 2017<b>500th Anniversary of the Protestant Reformation</b> in Europe (a Catholic reformation followed in response to the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther was a key figure of the Protestant Reformation; he nailed his 95 Thesis to the Castle Church door of Wittenberg on October 31, 1517.<br />
<a href="http://www.pbs.org/program/martin-luther-idea-changed-world/">http://www.pbs.org/program/martin-luther-idea-changed-world/</a><br />
<a href="http://www.luther.de/en/95thesen.html"> http://www.luther.de/en/95thesen.html </a><br />
<a href="http://www.luther.de/en/anschlag.html"> http://www.luther.de/en/anschlag.html </a><br />
<br />
<b>100th Anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution </b>in Russia (Communism)<br />
<a href="http://nation.com.pk/08-Nov-2017/100th-anniversary-of-the-bolshevik-revolution-in-russia">http://nation.com.pk/08-Nov-2017/100th-anniversary-of-the-bolshevik-revolution-in-russia</a><br />
<a href="https://www.biography.com/news/russian-revolution-100th-anniversary-facts">https://www.biography.com/news/russian-revolution-100th-anniversary-facts </a>Mrs. Richeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16829783318536366625noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5927515941942630108.post-87326759488605163342017-09-26T13:46:00.000-05:002017-09-26T13:46:01.989-05:00Seven Wonders of the Ancient World<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">I.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Pyramid of Giza</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
The Pyramids on the Giza Plateau
are located on the edge of Cairo, Egypt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Great Pyramid at Giza is the only surviving “ancient wonder”. The
Great Pyramid took 23 years to make and was completed in 2560 B.C.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is the largest of 80 pyramids in Egypt, with
a height of 480 feet. It was covered in quality limestone, that was stripped
away to rebuild Cairo.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Hanging Gardens of Babylon</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
were created as a surprise gift from King Nebuchadnezzar II for his queen,
Amytis of Media.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Babylon was a city on/near
the Euphrates River. The location of the Euphrates has changed during the last
7,000 years. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is hypothesized how the
gardens were watered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">III.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>The Statue of Zeus at Olympia</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
The statute of Zeus was created
in the first century AD. The ivory was fastened over a wood frame.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A secret method was used to soften the
ivory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Special techniques were used to
shape every detail.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The seated statue of
45 feet in height took seven years to create, before it was installed in the
temple at Olympia.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">IV.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Mausoleum at Halicarnassus </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
was the elaborate tomb of the Persian Satrap (governor) Mausolus (who married
his sister Artemisia). Pitheus built the 14 story building with twice life-sized
statues and various building styles from different countries. This is the first,
known, building to have a statue put on top. A fifteenth century earthquake
destroyed the mausoleum and the remaining materials were used to make cement. </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">V.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
The Temple of Artemis, the second
or three built on the same site. It was commissioned by King Croesus of Lydia and
begun in 550 BC.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The building was almost
twice the size of the Parthenon with 126 -60’ columns entirely of marble.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It took 50 years to finish by the architect
and his son. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Iron tools were used.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The temple was destroyed by arson, when the
wooden roof and interior stairs burnt a column fell and the temple collapsed.
Within seven decades temple was rebuilt.1,2</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">VI.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>The Colossus of Rhodes</div>
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The Colossus of Rhodes was a
giant bronze statue of the sun god, hellos.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The victory statue was 120 feet tall and loomed over the harbor site.
The frame of the statue was wood and iron with rocks added inside the base for
support. It was built on-site with a 100’ sand/dirt ramp spiraling up from the
ground around it during its construction. The 225 tons of bronze plates were riveted
into place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It took 12 years to build,
lasted 56 years, and toppled in an earthquake in 226 BC. It was left broken for
900 years because of an oracle that said if it was rebuilt then Rhodes would be
destroyed.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">VII.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>The Pharos of Alexandria</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
The Pharos, lighthouse, of
Alexandria was 400+ feet high and its beam could be seen 50 miles out to
sea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was the first skyscraper.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was built during Ptolemy II’s reign by the
Greek engineer and architect <strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Sostratus</span></strong> of Cnidus. Vast furnaces were kept burning and
bronze reflectors directed the light.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
is believed that a spiral ramp inside allowed donkeys to carry the fuel for the
furnaces.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A remarkable feat of
engineering considering that the walls had to withstand all the weight of
above. In 1303 an earthquake toppled the lighthouse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is now studied by marine archeologists.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Cite: DVD <u>The 14 Wonders of the World: Ancient and
New.</u></div>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2 <a href="http://www.softschools.com/facts/wonders_of_the_world/temple_of_artemis_at_ephesus_facts/69/">http://www.softschools.com/facts/wonders_of_the_world/temple_of_artemis_at_ephesus_facts/69/</a></span>Mrs. Richeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16829783318536366625noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5927515941942630108.post-6776501882815643012017-07-04T10:16:00.001-05:002017-07-04T10:16:48.934-05:00Independence Day 4 July 1776 (241st Anniversary in 2017) <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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1760-1791 The American Revolution: Conflict between the
American Colonies and England.4</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">June 7, 1776 </b>The
Continental Congress met in the “Pennsylvania State House (later Independence
Hall), Richard Henry Lee of Virginia presented a resolution with the famous
words: "Resolved: That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to
be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to
the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State
of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved."3</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Drafting
of the Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">July 2</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Delegates of the Continental Congress voted
for independence. 2</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">July 4, 1776</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The official date on the Declaration of
Independence. The thirteen, American Colonies independence from England with
the adoption of the Declaration of Independence.1</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">July 8 </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Liberty Bell run; first public reading of the
Declaration of Independence. 2</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
1 Study & Quiz <a href="https://quizlet.com/subject/1776-colonial-history/">https://quizlet.com/subject/1776-colonial-history/</a></div>
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2 <a href="http://www.history.com/topics/holidays/july-4th">http://www.history.com/topics/holidays/july-4th</a></div>
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3 <a href="http://www.military.com/independence-day/history-of-independence-day.html">http://www.military.com/independence-day/history-of-independence-day.html</a></div>
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4 Timeline of the[American] Revolutionary War <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/revwartimeline.html">http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/revwartimeline.html</a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
Mrs. Richeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16829783318536366625noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5927515941942630108.post-85651083084915831842017-05-16T22:03:00.002-05:002017-05-16T22:03:43.508-05:00Checklist for making a local field guide: Part I: Planning Stage<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
. Incorporate this activity for school or community participation; unless
you like to work alone.<br />
. Create a description (goal) for the project.<br />
. List specific learning objectives that will be covered or used in this
activity.<br />
.create a supply list with prices<br />
. Find funding for the project before starting.<br />
. Make a calendar timeline with start and end dates and times. Search
out other community events to either coincide or not with other happenings in
your area.<br />
. Write an end goal statement of what will be accomplished by the end date
and by; the target purpose.<br />
. For a group event, advertise to inform participants.<br />
. List locations with directions, contact person, phone, email, address, GPS
coordinates, hours, or set appointment and secondary rain date if outside.<br />
. Ask questions and take notes.<br />
. Keep a project box with gathered materials.<br />
. Investigate sources.<br />
. Analyze reliability of sources (interpretation, rumor, or unsubstantiated)<br />
. Plan order of events.<br />
. Carry list of contacts and participants with you.<br />
. Have a plan B. Have filler activities and challenges. (ex.Have list of
clean kids jokes and riddles to engage participants.)<br />
. Schedule writing time for multiple drafts of field guide.<br />
. Incorporate a treasure hunt (many versions), geocaching, snap a picture,
or other activity.<br />
. Consider transportation and accessibility requirements for participants.<br />
. Make plans for the weather: sunscreen, rain gear, drinking water, etc.<br />
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Add comments on how to improve this list, below. Thank you.<br />
Mrs. Richeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16829783318536366625noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5927515941942630108.post-85945291324928737412017-03-17T19:46:00.001-05:002017-03-17T19:46:13.496-05:00 Saint Patrick<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Happy Saint Patrick’s Day, seventeenth of March</div>
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Patron Saint of Ireland, Australia, Nigeria, Montserrat</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Saint Patrick (<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>)is
the patron saint of Ireland.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was
captured by a raiding party of the Picts, from a Roman Colony in (Scotland or Armoric,
Gaul)at the age of sixteen(c.403).1,2 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
was sold as a slave to Milcho. He cared for the man’s sheep and learned the language
and customs of Ireland. He later escaped back to what is now the Island of
Britain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He became a monk with the
intent to return to Ireland as a missionary.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He needed the permission of Pope Clementine in Rome.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He then went back to Ireland to minister to
the Irish.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He used the shamrock to
explain how God the Father, God the Son (Christ/Messiah) and God the Spirit
(Holy Ghost) are one in the same (all linked).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Incorprated … into the Celtic Cross. </div>
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<br /></div>
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c. 403 (age 16 estimated) captured and sold into slavery</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
c.403-c.409 slave, isolated shepherd </div>
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409 returned home</div>
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Ordained a priest</div>
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Received permission from Pope Clemintine to return to
Ireland</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
432 - 461AD Ireland’s second Archbishop of Armagh and
Primate of all Ireland.2</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Died. 461 AD <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in the
village Saul</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
INTERESTING: “Many monk missionaries left Ireland … [and] went
to Spain and Saint Brendan the Abbot even went to North America
(474-577).”2</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
1 McSpadden, J. Walker.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><u>The Book of Holidays</u>. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company,
1917.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pp.70-79.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Library call #J394.2M</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2 <a href="http://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/the-full-story-of-st-patricks-life-from-kidnapping-to-the-irish-peoples-faith">http://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/the-full-story-of-st-patricks-life-from-kidnapping-to-the-irish-peoples-faith</a></div>
Mrs. Richeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16829783318536366625noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5927515941942630108.post-71552550550137004172017-02-22T14:02:00.001-06:002017-03-18T21:13:45.539-05:00George Washington (b.February 22, 1732)<div dir="ltr" id="docs-internal-guid-a96d9bcb-6769-9c74-8501-755617e42744" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">George Washington (b.February 22, 1732)</span><br />
<br />
1An excellent source of key facts: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/key-facts/">http://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/key-facts/</a> </span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2 Quiz <a href="http://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/quizzes/how-much-do-you-know-about-george-washington/">http://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/quizzes/how-much-do-you-know-about-george-washington/</a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3 Lesson Plans: <a href="http://www.mountvernon.org/education/lesson-plans/">http://www.mountvernon.org/education/lesson-plans/</a> </span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4 Videos: <a href="http://www.mountvernon.org/video/all/">http://www.mountvernon.org/video/all/</a></span></div>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">George was tutored as a child in a one room schoolhouse on his father’s property.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">His mother sewed his penmanship pages “Rules of Civility and Decent Behaviour” together to make a booklet.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">He was born in Colonial Virginia at Popes Creek.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">He was a surveyor.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">He was part of the British Army in the American Colonies.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 1752 He went to Barbados with Lawrence, his half-brother, in hopes his brother would recover from Tuberculosis. Lawrence died. George contracted smallpox. George did not immediately inherit Mount Vernon, there were two others in line before him. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> May 28, 1754 The British forces under the command of George Washington at </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Jumonville Glen in Pennsylvania, resulted in the beginning of the Seven Years War / French and Indian War.1 </span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 1761 inherited Mount Vernon.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">He wrote letters to many women asking them to marry him. (If one is found, the Mount Vernon Association is interested).</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Martha wanted her daughter to marry George, her daughter did not want to, Martha accepted.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">George and Martha never had any children of their own. </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">George and Martha were married for about ten years,before they sat down to dinner alone.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The slaves were never sold off even though there were too many to be supported on the Mount Vernon Plantation. Families were kept together, one slave family had 6 daughters.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">George Washington was bankrupt, but forgiven.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> George Washington was chosen to lead the new, independent Army, because he was an excellent roll model and leader who motivated his troops. By choosing Mr. Washington, Virginia was thus included in the American Revolution, which until that time had been centered in the North in New England. </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Commander in Chief of the new United States Army.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><i><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>Dec. 25-26, 1776</b> </span></i></b>He crossed the Delaware River at night to surprise the Hessian forces at Trenton.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">He was asked, if he would be king, but declined (this was one of the reasons for the war for independence.)</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">First President of the United States of America. Set the precedent for limited term of office.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">He had no teeth. His false teeth were very uncomfortable.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">He wrote many letters to Martha on how to specifically run the estate.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The gardens at Mount Vernon had an outhouse in a corner. The deposits would be used as fertilizer.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">George paid craftsman to come live on his estate and train one of his slaves in the trade needed.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The main house at Mount Vernon is wood, sand was added to the paint to make it look like white stone.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The house was in severe disrepair and some ladies from the DC/Alexandria area formed a group and raised money to repair the house and grounds, within the last century.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">George died at the age of 67. He was having difficulties breathing and was further weakened by </span></div>
<br />Mrs. Richeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16829783318536366625noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5927515941942630108.post-23030996563271729222017-01-05T21:46:00.001-06:002017-01-05T21:46:15.364-06:00German ComposersBach<br />
Beethoven<br />
Bingen<br />
Brahms<br />
Chopin<br />
Debussy<br />
Handel<br />
Hayden<br />
Liszt<br />
Mendelssohn<br />
Schubert<br />
Schumann<br />
Schutz<br />
Strauss<br />
Wagner<br />
Weill<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.52composers.com/german-composers.html">http://www.52composers.com/german-composers.html</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.classicalm.com/en/composers/">http://www.classicalm.com/en/composers </a><br />
<br />
<br />Mrs. Richeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16829783318536366625noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5927515941942630108.post-85138818604152761852017-01-04T20:58:00.001-06:002017-01-04T20:58:23.616-06:00WWII oral histories<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>National World War II Museum</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><a href="http://www.nationalww2museum.org/see-hear/collections/oral-histories/">http://www.nationalww2museum.org/see-hear/collections/oral-histories/</a> </b></div>
Mrs. Richeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16829783318536366625noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5927515941942630108.post-53905558050618270982017-01-02T13:14:00.001-06:002017-01-08T21:18:36.928-06:00The Modern World: Part One: Global History 1760-1910<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
The Modern World:
Part One: Global History 1760-1910</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
Professor Philip
Zelikow, University of Virginia</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
FREE MOOC via Coursera.org
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>through <a href="http://www.class-central.com/">http://www.class-central.com</a></div>
<br /><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border: none; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in; text-align: center;">
Commercial
and Military Revolutions (1760-1800)</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-indent: .5in;">
Week 1: video 1: The Study of
History</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 56.25pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>What happened?</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 56.25pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Why things happened the way they did?</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 92.25pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Circumstances</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 92.25pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Choices
made by man</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 128.25pt; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>How</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 128.25pt; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Why</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 128.25pt; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>What
could have happened</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 128.25pt; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Situation>Problem>Solutions>Action
& new situation</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>W1:V2:
The Great Divide [between tradition and modern world]</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 56.25pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Traditional world (not change from generation to
generation)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 56.25pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Modern world (massive changes)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 92.25pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Population</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 128.25pt; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>1500-1750
290million in 250 years (187 million more in 50 years)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 128.25pt; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>1800-1850
284 million</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 128.25pt; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Late
1700s billions </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 92.25pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Income</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 128.25pt; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Malthusian
trap: finite amount of stuff for 2000 years</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 128.25pt; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>1800
another great divide with the Industrial Revolution</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 164.25pt; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Malthusian trap broke</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 92.25pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Global
Europe: commerce, ideas, and military intrusions</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 92.25pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Political
Revolutions</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 128.25pt; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Liberal,
democratic, “national”</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 128.25pt; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Change
from nobility & church [toward the people wanting more say]</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 92.25pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Culture</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 128.25pt; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Beliefs</div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Limits/possibilities
human innovations, status, prosperity</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>W1:V3:
The Traditional and the Modern</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>W!:V4:
The Great Divide-Why?</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>W1:V5:
The World of 1760</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>W1:V6:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Commercial Revolution</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>W1:V7:
The Military Revolution</div>
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Mrs. Richeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16829783318536366625noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5927515941942630108.post-3573951896292315212016-12-08T14:00:00.003-06:002016-12-09T09:44:10.829-06:00Europe’s Social and Political Order, 1600-1715, Politics of Absolutism and English Civil War<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Chapter
13: The Struggle for Survival and Sovereignty: </span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Europe’s
Social and Political Order, </span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1600-1715
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></b></span></span></span></a></span></b></div>
</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Timeline and Key Dates for the Politics
of Absolutism and English Civil War)<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></b></span></span></a></span>,<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></b></span></span></span></a></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="Image result for ivan the terrible" border="0" height="43" src="file:///C:\Users\LUNCH_~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="44" /></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1533-1584 Reign of
Ivan IV the Terrible, (thunder),(fearsome)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">First Tsar of Russia, ruthlessly expanded lands and
central control.</span> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1584-1613 Russia’s
time of Troubles</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
The late 1590s and early 1600s were a particularly bad
phase of the "<a href="http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/mandias/lia/little_ice_age.html">little ice
age</a>" that afflicted all Europe - the winters of exceptional severity
that it produced, impacted Russia even worse than areas with milder climates.
Furthermore, the poor crops coincided with an increase in the taxes and
exactions of government and landlords, so many peasants fled their lands.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The solutions were rigid centralized
authority (Poland) or more power to the nobles (Russia).</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1589-1792 Bourbon
Dynasty of France </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>1589-1610 Reign of Henry IV in
France<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="Image result for henry iv of france" border="0" height="51" src="file:///C:\Users\LUNCH_~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.jpg" width="41" /></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“Good King Henry”; first monarch of
the House of Bourbon; </span></div>
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August 24, 1572: St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre (Henry
IV escaped with the help of his wife, if he converted to Catholicism.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Edict
of Nates (1610):<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Henry IV issued freedom
of religion to Protestants, even though he had converted to Catholicism.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“I want there to be no peasant in my
kingdom so poor that he cannot have a chicken in his pot every Sunday.”—Henry
IV</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1603-1714 Stuart
Dynasty in England</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>King James VI of Scotland in 1566
and became King James I of England and Ireland in 1603-1625. He was the first
Stuart king.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Stuarts were of Scottish
origins and generally Catholic. They ruled a Protestant nation, in which the
Parliament distrusted them and sought to limit their power, and in 1642 Civil
War<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1613-1917
Romanov Dynasty in Russia<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a>
(see note for list of 18 czars & czarinas) </span></div>
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Mikhail Feodorovich......................1613-1645
(First Romanov czar)<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1618-1648
Thirty Years’ War<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
Battles throughout most of Europe, over religious,
dynastic, territorial, and commercial rivalries. Ended with the 1648 Treaty of
Westphalia. The Map of Europe was changed.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1625 Charles I
becomes king</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1629 Charles I dissolves
Parliament (first of three times) He needed Parliament to provide money for …
in exchange they wanted more of a say in how it was spent (impeachment of the
King’s advisor Buckingham) or they shorted the term of the funds appropriation.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1640-1688
Reign of Frederick William in Prussia “The Great Elector”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He united Prussia into a monarchy which was
dependent on the nobles.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1642-1649 Civil War
in England. Royalists (Roundheads) vs. Parliamentarians</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">“</span>The English
Civil Wars (1642-1651) stemmed from conflict between Charles I and Parliament
over an Irish insurrection. The first war was settled with Oliver Cromwell’s
victory for Parliamentary forces at the 1645 Battle of Naseby. The second phase
ended with Charles’ defeat at the Battle of Preston and his subsequent
execution in 1649. Charles’ son, Charles, then formed an army of English and
Scottish Royalists, which prompted Cromwell to invade Scotland in 1650. The
following year, Cromwell shattered the remaining Royalist forces and ended the
“wars of the three kingdoms,” though Charles II eventually ascended to the
throne in 1660.”<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn13;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>1649 Charles I executed</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Oliver Cromwell became the
Protectorate of England</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1643-1715 Reign of Louis XIV in
France</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“divine
right” absolutism; patronage at Versailles; <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
1648 Treaty of
Westphalia = end of the Thirty Years War<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1648-1653 The Fronde “the sling”
(civil war) in France<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>A
protest of </span><b>Cardinal Mazarin</b>’s taking power from nobels.<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1649-1660 Commonwealth
in England<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Rump Parliament declared England
a Commonwealth (republic)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1651 Thomas Hobbes,
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Leviathan</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">An absolute monarchy would save people from a
“nasty, brutish, and short” life. <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1660 Restoration of
English monarchy with Charles II</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1683
Siege of Vienna by Ottoman forces</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Attempt by </span>Suleiman the
Magnificent ’s forces to take Vienna, Austria, furthest extent of Ottoman
Empire.<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1685
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in France</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">“</span>The
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="ref274346"></a><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Armand-Jean-du-Plessis-cardinal-et-duc-de-Richelieu">Cardinal
de Richelieu</a>, who regarded its political and military clauses as a danger
to the state, annulled them by the Peace of Alès in 1629. On October 18, 1685, <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="ref274347"></a><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-XIV-king-of-France">Louis XIV</a>
formally revoked the Edict of Nantes and deprived the French Protestants of all
religious and civil liberties. Within a few years, more than 400,000 persecuted
Huguenots emigrated—to England, <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Prussia">Prussia</a>, Holland, and
America—depriving France of its most industrious commercial class.”<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1685 James II
becomes king of England</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1688 Glorious
Revolution in England: James II of England overthrown and William III invaded</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1688-1713
Reign of Frederick I in Prussia</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1689 William and
Mary become monarchs of England</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1689-1725
Reign of Peter the Great in Russia</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1690 English
philosopher John Locke, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Second Treatise
of Government </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Established, in theory, the
framework for constitutional government<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn18;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1713-1714
Peace of Utrecht: a series of treaties regarding the Spanish succession,
colonies, …<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">1721
Treaty of Nystad: ended Great Northern War between Swedens and the Russians and
Danes<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn20;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[20]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a> <b><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">study questions, then take
the quizzes, email results </span></b><a href="http://glencoe.mheducation.com/sites/0021438374/student_view0/chapter13/chapter_summaries.html"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">http://glencoe.mheducation.com/sites/0021438374/student_view0/chapter13/chapter_summaries.html</span></b></a><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"> </span></b></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a> In
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Dennis Sherman and Joyce Salisbury. <i>West in the World</i>,
5th ed. (New York: McGraw Hill Education, 2014), 391, 396, 417.</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=ivan+the+terrible&FORM=IARRTH&ufn=ivan+the+terrible&stid=2055301c-b5ee-2491-bd5f-e8db219ef299&cbn=EntityAnswer&cbi=0&FORM=IARRTH">https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=ivan+the+terrible&FORM=IARRTH&ufn=ivan+the+terrible&stid=2055301c-b5ee-2491-bd5f-e8db219ef299&cbn=EntityAnswer&cbi=0&FORM=IARRTH</a></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="http://faculty.history.wisc.edu/sommerville/351/351-10.htm">http://faculty.history.wisc.edu/sommerville/351/351-10.htm</a></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?id=A9997cd76477d6d51eb725675d7d8ca37&w=147&h=183&c=8&rs=1&qlt=90&pid=3.1&rm=2">https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?id=A9997cd76477d6d51eb725675d7d8ca37&w=147&h=183&c=8&rs=1&qlt=90&pid=3.1&rm=2</a></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="http://www.biography.com/people/henry-iv-9335199#early-life">http://www.biography.com/people/henry-iv-9335199#early-life</a></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="http://www.historyofengland.net/kings-and-queens/the-stuarts-1603-1714-background">http://www.historyofengland.net/kings-and-queens/the-stuarts-1603-1714-background#</a></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="http://www2.sptimes.com/Treasures/TC.5.4.1.html">http://www2.sptimes.com/Treasures/TC.5.4.1.html</a></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Thirty-Years-War">https://www.britannica.com/event/Thirty-Years-War</a></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="http://faculty.history.wisc.edu/sommerville/361/361-24.htm">http://faculty.history.wisc.edu/sommerville/361/361-24.htm</a></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn12;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="http://mcclure-world-history.wikispaces.com/Prussian+Absolutism">http://mcclure-world-history.wikispaces.com/Prussian+Absolutism</a></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn14;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/imperialism/notes/louisxiv.html">http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/imperialism/notes/louisxiv.html</a></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn15;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="http://www.hyperhistory.com/online_n2/civil_n2/histscript6_n2/fronde.html">http://www.hyperhistory.com/online_n2/civil_n2/histscript6_n2/fronde.html</a></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn16;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dennis
Sherman and Joyce Salisbury. <i>West in the World</i>, 5th ed. (New York:
McGraw Hill Education, 2014), 416.</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn17;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a><a href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Edict-of-Nantes">https://www.britannica.com/event/Edict-of-Nantes</a></div>
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418-419.</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5927515941942630108#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn19;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/treaties-of-Utrecht">https://www.britannica.com/topic/treaties-of-Utrecht</a></div>
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Chapter
12: Faith, Fortune, and Fame: European Expansion, 1450-1700</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">THE WORLD IMAGINED</b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">
</span>Lure of the East</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Eastern
trade with “China” (& Japan) and “India” (southeast Asia & many Pacific
Islands)</div>
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</span>Imagined Peoples </div>
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</span>Ptolemy’s Map was a globe (360 degrees) with Asia, Africa, and Europe</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Ptolemy’s
two errors: land covered ¾’s of the planet and the Earth as 1/6<sup>th</sup>
smaller</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">THE WORLD DISCOVERED</b></div>
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</span>Fame, Fortune, and Faith: The Drive to Explore</div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">
</span>New Technologies and Trade</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Navigation
instruments</div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Quadrant –
aligned with North Star to determine latitude</div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Astrolabe
–used in Southern Hemisphere: measured height of sun or of a known star at
night</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Chinese
Explorations 1405-1433 Ming Dynasty (Admiral Zheng He) reached New World</div>
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</span>The Portuguese Race for the East, 1418-1600</div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>1418, Prince
Henry the Navigator annual trip down the West coast of Africa</div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Bartholomew
Dias – rounded tip of Africa “Cape of Good Hope”</div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Vasco da Gama</div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Trading Outposts</div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Key Dates p. 384 Exploring the World<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>…</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">
</span>Spain’s Westward Discoveries, 1492-1522</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Christopher
Columbus</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Treaty
of Tordesillas</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Circumnavigating
the globe</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Ferdinand
Magellan (ca. 1480-1521 killed in the Philippines) and his navigator Sevastian
Elcano </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">
</span>North Europeans Join the Race, 1497-1650</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Settlements
in Canada</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Dutch
colonies</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>English
colonies</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
CONFRONTATION OF CULTURES </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
of Indigenous Peoples and
Empires in the Americans<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(map 12.3)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">
</span>Original Americans South of the Rio Grande</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Agriculture</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Empire
Building</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">
</span>Original Northern Americans</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">
</span>Early Contacts</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">
</span>Conquest of the Great Empires 1520-1555</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Cortez’s
explorations<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>across the Gulf of
Mexico to the Yucatan</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Conquistadors:
Spanish soldiers of fortune (gold & glory)</div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Malinche. A
princess, sold into slavery; interpreter and advisor to Cortez</div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Aztecs
conquered<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>after untimely death of
captive, Montezuma </div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Francisco
Pizarro (ca 1475-1541)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1532 the Incas
fell to this conquistador</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Successful
because:1 steel weapons, 2. Horses, 3 effective written communication, and *4
germs!(disease and death followed their paths) </div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">
</span>North American Contacts</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Spaniard
Hernando de Sotos (ca 1496/97-1543) </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Florida &
Georgia 1539-1543; killed many Indians; died of fever; his pigs roamed and
spread disease which<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>killed most of the
Mississippi valley peoples</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Shipwrecked
Spaniard Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(ca
1490-ca 1560) wrote narratives of the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Amerindians which shaped European views</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">
</span>Life and Death Under European Rule, 1550-1700</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Enforced
Labor</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Spanish
imperialism financed by the Conscripted labor , Potosi , silver mine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Workers lived underground form Monday till
Saturday.</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Amerindians
mortality</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Disease,
overwork, and abuse killed approximately 25,000,000<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>between 1570-1605. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1(p.375)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">
</span>African Slave Trade</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Previously,
slavery occurred after the victors of war took the spoils.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Sugar
plantations traded for their necessities including (slave) labor</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>African
slaves originally went to the Caribbean sugar plantations</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Impact
in Africa:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>generated<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>huge profits:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>historically part of warfare; slaves were traded for guns in order to
compete with neighbors; monarchies dependent on slave trade monopolies
collapsed after the end<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of slavery and
led to economic and political down-turns.</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Slave
Rebellions:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>25% died on
the Atlantic voyage</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Starvation,
overwork, and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>physical punishment</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">
</span>Gathering Souls in the New Lands</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Virgin
of Guadalupe</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Missionaries</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Matteo Ricci
(1552-1610) a Jesuit in the court of Ming emperor Wan’li (r. 1573- 1620) </div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Memory
Palaces</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Christianity
transformed</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Dark faced
Virgin Mary, venerating ancestors, African rhythms, acknowledging customs </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
WORLD MARKET AND COMMERCIAL
REVOLUTION</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">
</span>High Prices and Profits: Trading on the World Stage</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Inflation</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Supply and
demand drove prices up</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Money lending
drove prices up</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">
</span>Rise of Commercial Capitalism</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Capitalists:
invest funds in businesses to earn a profit</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Entrepreneurs:
business owners; world trade most lucrative</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Capitalist
ideas</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Joint-stock
companies</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">
</span>Mercantilism: Controlling the Balance of Trade</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Economic
nationalism</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Economic
regulations</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">
</span>Growth of banking</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>State
Banks</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">
</span>Danger of Overspending: Spain Learns a Lesson</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Declared
bankruptcies hurt Italian and German merchants</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Holland and
England were more financially efficient </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">
</span>Redefining Work Roles</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Women’s
Work</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Leaving
the workforce</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">
</span>Piracy 1550-1700</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Privateers
(corsairs) authorized by a government to steal from other countries ships=royal
patronage and pardon</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Francis Drake
(ca. 1540-1596) with Queen Elizabeth I’s backing; he harassed Spanish shipping
in the Caribbean</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Walter
Raleigh ( ca 1554-1618)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was backed by
Elizabeth I, but not by James I who imprisoned him in the Tower of London;
executed 1618</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Pirate
Life</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Dangerous,
fickle, but drew many who had limited choices</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
WORLD TRANSFORMED</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">
</span>European Culture Spreads</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Plants</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Invasive
species: dandelions, mustard, mint , chamomile, endive, spinach</div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Portuguese
introduced sweet potatoes and maize in the Congo. 1(385)</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Population
mixing</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Mestizos
preserved cultures of parents</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">
</span>European Culture Transformed</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>New
foods</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Tomato was
first thought poisonous because it is part of the nightshade family.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>New
Stimulants</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 2.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Chocolate
from Aztec Mexico</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 2.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Tobacco</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">
</span>New World view</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Scientific
observation</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span>Travelers
studied, wrote, and drew about their observations</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">
</span>Mercator Maps</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Coastlines
and rivers more accurate</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o</span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"> </span>Gerhard
Mercator , Flemish Cartographer, (1512-1594) published in 1569 flat map
projection with Europe at the center.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Distortion greater (enlarges the further from the equator)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
End notes on European
Expansion, 1450-1700 : Ch.12</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
1<span style="font-size: 7.0pt;"> </span>Sherman
& Salisbury. <u>The West in the World.</u></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">2</span></b><b><span style="color: #1155cc; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> </span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">2 study questions, then take the quizzes, email
results </span></b><a href="http://glencoe.mheducation.com/sites/0021438374/student_view0/chapter12/chapter_summaries.html"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">http://glencoe.mheducation.com/sites/0021438374/student_view0/chapter12/chapter_summaries.html</span></b></a><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> </span></b>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">3</span></b><b><span style="color: #1155cc; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"> 3 </span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Primary source investigator from McGraw Hill
Education </span></b><a href="http://psi.mhhe.com/current/psi.php?editionId=52"><b><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">http://psi.mhhe.com/current/psi.php?editionId=52</span></b></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
4<span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span>4 Sherman
& Salisbury. <u>The West in the World.</u> ed. 1 McGraw Hill Education. <a href="http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/history/west/sherman/student/olc/chap11outline.mhtml">http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/history/west/sherman/student/olc/chap11outline.mhtml</a>
(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">outline with primary source links).</b></div>
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<![endif]-->Mrs. Richeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16829783318536366625noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5927515941942630108.post-63771557338519363392016-12-01T11:03:00.000-06:002018-09-10T22:18:55.832-05:00Religious Reform and Warfare, 1500-1648 (Protestant Reformation, Wars, Catholic Reforms, Witchcraft trials, Thirty-years War<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Chapter 11: “Alone Before God”: Religious Reform and
Warfare, 1500-1648</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">THE CLASH OF DYNASTIES, 1515-1555</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Land-Hungry Monarchs</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Charles V (son of Ferdinand & Isabella) Habsburg Dynasty
(multinational)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ottoman-Turk expansion along their northwest boarder with
the Habsburgs (into modern-day Austria)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Changing Rules of Warfare</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Growing armies: more men for long lines of muskets & pikes</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Guns lead to change in military tactics</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Winners and Losers</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Casualties of war</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Martin Guerre (1524-1594) peasant, soldier, and reluctant
family man</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Habsburg-Valois Wars, 1521-1544</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Weary imperialism</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Valois Lands (modern-day France) fought with Habsburgs along
eastern boarder= 1526 Habsburg-Valois Wars (map 11.1)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">TIDE OF RELIGIOUS REFORM</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Best Path to Salvation?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Devotio moderna (modern devotion)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Thomas a Kempis (1380-1471) wrote <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Imitation of Christ: </i>Catholic devotional book first written in
Latin</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Catholic’s seven sacraments:</span> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Baptism, Confirmation, Matrimony,
Eucharist, Penance, Holy Orders and the Anointing of the Sick.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1215 Fourth Lateran Council: no salvation outside of the
(Catholic) church</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Desiderius Erasmus: “Prince of
Humanists”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luther’s Revolution<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Martin Luther (1483-1546) </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Attack on indulgences</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Purgatory:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">95 Theses posted on the door of Catholic church in
Wittenberg, Germany</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Protestant Religious Ideas</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Priesthood of all believers</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">iconoclasm</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">transubstantiation</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“Germans Rage Against Papal Exploitation,
two document excerpts, Doc 11.1</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Reformed Church takes root in
Germany</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peasants’ war</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peace of Augsburg</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bringing Reform to the States in
Switzerland</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Anabaptists: Radical Reformers</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Church vs. State</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Radical Reformers</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Calvinism and the Growing Middle
Class</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Predestination</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Spread of Calvinism</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Huguenots</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The Scot, John Knox (1514-1572)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Marie Dentiere defends Reformation
women’s rights (doc. 11.2)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Henry VIII and the English Church</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Seeking a male heir</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Henry’s marriages</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="https://englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/henry-viii-wives/">THE SIX
WIVES OF KING HENRY VIII</a>: Katharine of Aragon - Anne Boleyn - Jane Seymour
- Anne of Cleves - Catherine Howard - Katharine Parr<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Church of England</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Thomas More (1478-1535)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Youthful son, Edward VI, dies</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lady Jane Grey, The Nine Day Queen 5</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“Bloody Mary” (Catholic)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Elizabeth I (Protestant)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tudor Dynasty lasted 118 years</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Scotland’s Church</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Europe divided</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Stirring of Reform in Spain</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ferdinand and Isabella</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Married; thus united Leon-Castile and Argon</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Reduced the power of the nobility; centralized power</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1492 sponsored Christopher Columbus’ voyage</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Cardinal Ximenez</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">With permission he founded a new university at Alcala de
Henares</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Published <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Complutensian
Polyyglot Bible (1520)</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Three columns comparing Hebrew, Greek, and Latin</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The Society of Jesus</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Founded by Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Argued for education as a solution (doc. 11.3)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Baroque art</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The Council of Trent, 1545-1563</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Reforming corruption</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Affirming doctrine</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">El Greco, painter, like Rubens reaffirmed Catholicism</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Scripture and tradition</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Catholics on the Offensive</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Philip II (r. 1556-1588</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">EUROPE ERUPTS AGAIN A CENTURY OF
RELIGIOUS WARFARE, 1559-1648</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">French Wars of Religion, 1562-1598</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Catholics vs. Huguenots</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">A “Council of Blood’ in the
Netherlands, 1566-1609</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Revolt breaks out</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Armada against England</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The “Protestant wind”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Netherlands split</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The Thirty Years’ War, 1618-1648</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">War breaks out</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Wallenstein</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">From religion to politics</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Devastation</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peace of Westphalia</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Political results</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">LIFE AFTER THE REFORMATION</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">New Definitions of Courtship and
marriage</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Courtship</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Marriage</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Forging a Link Between Education and
Work</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Valuing literacy</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Valuing work</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Anxiety and Spiritual Insecurity</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Charitable institutions</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Decline of “magic”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Searching for Scapegoats: the Hunt
for Witches</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Fear of the Devil</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Persecutions</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Endnotes on Renaissance: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Sherman
& Salisbury. <u>The West in the World.</u></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">study
questions, then take the quizzes, email results </span></b><a href="http://glencoe.mheducation.com/sites/0021438374/student_view0/chapter11/chapter_summaries.html"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">http://glencoe.mheducation.com/sites/0021438374/student_view0/chapter11/chapter_summaries.html</span></b></a><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Primary
source investigator from McGraw Hill Education </span></b><a href="http://psi.mhhe.com/current/psi.php?editionId=52"><b><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">http://psi.mhhe.com/current/psi.php?editionId=52</span></b></a><b><u><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Sherman
& Salisbury. <u>The West in the World.</u> ed.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> 1. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Chapter 11: “Alone Before God”: Religious Reform and
Warfare, 1500-1648. </span> McGraw Hill Education. </span><a href="http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/history/west/sherman/student/olc/chap11outline.mhtml"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/history/west/sherman/student/olc/chap11outline.mhtml</span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">outline with
primary source links).</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">The
Nine Day Queen. </span><a href="https://englishhistory.net/tudor/relative/lady-jane-grey/"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">https://englishhistory.net/tudor/relative/lady-jane-grey/</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
Mrs. Richeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16829783318536366625noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5927515941942630108.post-60334956869889502802016-11-28T19:50:00.001-06:002016-11-29T11:01:30.845-06:00Renaissance ca. 1300-1640<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> ________________________________________________________________</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chapter 10: A New Spirit
in the West: The Renaissance ca. 1300-1640</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">__________________________________________________________________</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A NEW SPIRIT EMERGES:
INDIVIDUALISM, REALISM, AND ACTIVISM</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
Renaissance: A Controversial Idea</span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Medieval
antecedents</span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="square">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Francesco
Petrarch (1304-1374) wrote letters to Livy (the ancient Roman Historian)
because he could find no one who served as a model of Classical virtue.</span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="square">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list 2.0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Led to others examining the classical models
of Greece and Rome examples of virtue in shaping the Renaissance.</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Why
Italy?</span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Classics:
literature from 800 BC to c. AD 400</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
rapid changes from feudalism /medieval hierarchies toward individualism
and realism<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>from art to politics</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Many
eastern scholars fled to Italy when Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks
in 1453.</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A Multifaceted Movement</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Individualism:
optimistic faith in man to choose to do good</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Realism: accurate artistic
representations of the world</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Activism: being wise
is not enough; one must do good works</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A Secular spirit:
believed in God, yet worked in this world</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Humanism: The Path to Self-Improvement = education</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Curriculum </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Humanities:
literature, history, and philosophy</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">educational theory:
shape students to excel at anything</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">women humanists: </span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Christine of Pizan
(1365-c. 1430) a poetry & prose writer in the French court</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Civic humanists focused on government </span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Literary Critics</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Christian humanists transformed Bible study</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Generosity of Patrons: Supporting
New Ideas</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wealthy patrons, cities, guilds, and the church</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cosimo de Medici (1389-1464) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>manuscripts were collected and purchased
through his patronage; started Platonic (after Plato) Academy to ranslate the
works of Plato, “shaped the glorification of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>human accomplishments” 1</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Isbella d’Este (1474-1539) , Duchess of Mantua, diplomat,
and patron of the arts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She implored Leonardo
da Vinici to paint her (He, by delaying, declined.)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Religious patronage</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Invention of the Printing Press</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Johannes Gutenberg (ca. 1400-1470</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fist printed Bible in 1455</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">POLITICS
OF INDIVIDUAL EFFORT</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Italian City-States</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Florence: Birthplace of the
Renaissance</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Medici</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Savonarola</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Friar Savonarola Ignites a “Bonfire of the Vanities”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>document 10.2, p.301</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Venice: The Serene Republic?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Overseas Trade</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Silk loom</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Milan and Naples: Two Principalities</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Visconti Dynasty in Milan from 1278 to 1447- focus on
military strength</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1450-early 16<sup>th</sup> century Sforza family – patrons
of the arts</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kingdom of Naples </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">King Robert r. 1309-1343 “a friend of learning and virture”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Battle ground</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1435, King of Aragon, Alfonso the Magnanimous (r. 1435-1458)
reuited Sicily and Naples</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Papal States</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1417 was the end of the Great Schism at the Council of
Constance when a Roman cardinal was elected , Pope Marin V</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Took political control of central Italy</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Theocracy</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> legitimate rule from God (& elected by a college of
cardinals) so no accusations of tyranny or republicanism.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Papal patronage</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Borgia family</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Julius II (r. 1503-1513) made Rome a cultural hub equal to
Florence; military expansion; commissioned Michelangelo to decorate the ceiling
of the Sistine Chapel (figure 10.1)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Art of Diplomacy</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Machiavelli</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>historian,
politician, diplomat, philosopher, humanist, and writer.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">INDIVIDUALISM
AS SELF-INTEREST: LIFE DURING THE RENAISSANCE</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rising Crime<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>blamed
on wanderers</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Growing Intolerance</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Economic Boom Times</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wool and silk</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Banking</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Slavery Revived</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sources of slaves</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Finding Comfort in family</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Marriage alliances</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Children’s Lives</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Childhood hardships</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CULTURE
AND SCIENCE</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Artists and Artisans</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Architecture: Echoing the Human Form</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Human architecture</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Domes</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Florence’s Cathedral 1420-1436<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list 2.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Brunelleschi’s dome (ribs support height)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Town planning</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sculpture </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Michelangelo’s David<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>1504</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Painting
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Linear perspective</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Raphael (1483-1520)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Italian painter</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 2.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list 2.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">School of Athens</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (1510-1511) commissioned by Pope Julius II for his library on ancient
philosophers: Euclid, Pythagoras, Socrates, with Plato center left pointing in
the air to remind<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>audience of the realm
of ideas and Aristotle right pointing down to represent the world ‘s realm
knowledge. Includes self portrait of himself in a black hat and Michelangelo
front and center. (individualism, perspective, classics appreciated</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Michelangelo painted the ceiling of
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sistine Chapel</i>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Celestial
Music of Human Emotions</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pythagoras (ca 569-476 BC) “music of
the spheres” was the relating of the harmonious relationships of the planets to
the intervals of music=standardized musical notation</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Madrigals, poetic songs about love
for voices</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Courtiers were educated to be
musicians also</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Science
or Pseudoscience</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Astrology</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Alchemy = early science focus on
changing base metals into gold & finding a common cure for diseases</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Arabic numerals replaced Roman
numerals to aid in larger computations</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Leonardo
da Vinci: the “Renaissance Man”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Scientific notebooks</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mona Lisa</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">, ca
1504 (portrait painting and landscape perspective)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Notebooks lost for centuries</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Proved man could be multifaceted and
accomplished in many fields (“humanist”)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">RENAISSANCE OF THE “NEW MONARCHIES”
OF THE NORTH, 1453-1640</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">France:
Under the Italian Influence</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Louis XI, the Spider, a suspicious
king<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(doc 10.3)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Italians in France</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Visual
Arts in Northern Europe</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">English
Humanism</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Henry VII (r. 1485-1509)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Patron: sent scholars to Italy to
study in the new Vatican Library,…</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Henry VIII (r. 1509-1547) </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Patron of humanist movement</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“Defender of the Faith”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Excommunicated for wanting a divorce</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Founded Protestant Church in England</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Thomas More wrote <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Utopia</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Renaissance Queens</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Elizabeth I (r. 1558-1603)
–Renaissance bloomed & England flourished</span></div>
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</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Booming
city of London</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The South Bank (the seedy part of
town; private prisons “click house”, …)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Globe Theater (Shakespeare’s) burnt
down<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in 1613 then rebuilt</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">William
Shakespeare (1564-1616)</span></div>
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histories, tragedies, and comedies & acted</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Julius Caesar, Romeo & Juliet, Hamlet, …</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Endnotes on Renaissance: Ch. 10</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sherman
& Salisbury. <u>The West in the World.</u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Study Aids: </span><a href="https://quizlet.com/2622679/chapter-10-renaissance-flash-cards/"><b><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">https://quizlet.com/2622679/chapter-10-renaissance-flash-cards/</span></b></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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results</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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</span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Primary source
investigator from McGraw Hill Education</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">_______________________________________________________________________
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;">Chapter 6: Western
Kingdoms, Byzantium, and the Islamic World, ca. 376-1000</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">_______________________________________________________________________<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #4f6228; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #76923c; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 191;">The Making of Western
Kingdoms, ca. 376-750</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Germanic
Clan and Family; Heroic Society</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Infiltrate
the Roman Empire 376-476</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Huns carrying compound cross-bows
galloped out of the east starting in 375 on small, seemingly tireless ponies</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Federate treaties made
encroaching tribes allies = live within Empire in exchange for fighting Rome’s
enemies.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Arian Christians (Visigoths &
Ostrogoths converted by Ulfila ca 310-381 whose ideas were based on Arius’s
teachings before they were condemned by the 325 Council of Nicaea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These Christians differed greatly from Roman
Catholics and was a source of religious strife.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Germanic Invasions, fifth
century: map 6.1 p.175 West in the World</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Loss of provinces 407 Roman
legions recalled from Britain</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Battle of Baden - victory for
Christian Celtic Britons against Anglo-Saxon invasions for a while.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Legend of King Arthur</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Did
Rome “Fall”?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>NO<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>it transformed PP. 176-178 Germans transformed</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">330 AD Constantine moves capital
of Rome to Byzantium Names It Constantinople;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Beginning of the Eastern Roman Empire. Constantine converts to
Christianity.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
410 AD, Alaric the Visigoth famously sacked the "Eternal" City. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
455 AD, Vandals and African allies under the command of Gaiseric and Huneric
sacked Rome with much more violence than the Goths.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">476 AD conquest of Rome<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>; transformation<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of the Western Roman Empire; </span><a href="http://www.ancient.eu/image/4131/"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://www.ancient.eu/image/4131/</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“Invasions of the Roman Empire” map</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">500s The Early Middle Ages begins
The decline of Europe was caused by the collapse of the Western Roman Empire,
Invaders swept across the region; trade, travel, towns, and learning all
decrease; Germanic kingdoms (such as the Franks) carved up a once-unified
empire.1 This in turn led to poverty and lack of safety. 2</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rise
and Fall of Frankish Dynasty, ca 485-750</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Christian Merovingians : The
Germanic Franks (in the old Roman province of Gaul) were ruled by the Merovingian
Family. King Clovis vowed to converted to Christianity if he won a significant
battle. He and his country became Catholic and established a link with the
Popes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Queen Radegund founded a convent.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pope Zachary r. 741-752 favored Pepin
(the mayor of the palace) and proclaimed him the first Carolingian King.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Accomplishments
and Destruction in Italy, ca. 490-750</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Fostered learning &
historical writing – ex. Boethius,high official in Theodoric’s court,
translated Aristotle into Latin (basis of Logic), created a water clock, wrote <u>The
Consolation </u><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>while in prison on a
false treason charge.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Fall of Ostrogoths –
Theodoric<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>r. 493-526 ousted Odovacar who
had deposed the last Roman Empire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Theodoric’s
daughter, Amalasuintha, ruled as first regent for her young son then as
queen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Internal intrigue. Byzantine
Emperor Justinian used her death as a reason for his short -term expansion into
Italy.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Lombards (long-beards, Germanic
tribe) moved south into Itay. Justinan was over extended his resources.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lombards in Northern Italy were taken over by
the Carolingian King Pepin in the 700’s . “The Donation of Pepin” was his
returning Northern Italy to the Pope=beginning of the Papal States.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Visgoths
in Spain, 418-711 (Arian Christians; federates of Rome; two cultures: Roman
& Goth)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Weaknesses : #1 “The Visigothic
Curse” (political assassination), #2 Persecution Jews</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The Muslims crossed the Straits
of Gibraltar and took over most of the Iberian Penninsula.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Growing
Power of the Popes</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Petrine doctrine = papal supremacy</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Gregory the Great (r.590-604)
administered Rome, managed estates; fed the poor; negotiated truce with
Lombards; settled disputes & offered financial assistance to distant
churches</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Monasteries:
Peaceful Havens</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Benedict of Nursia<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Saint Benedict” (c. 480-c.547)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Irish Christianity: Saint Patrick
(ca. 390-461) Briton, kidnapped, slave in Ireland, escaped, became a bishop in
Briton, returned to Ireland as a missionary, established a monastery, founder
of Irish Christianity. Irish monks then became missionaries to pagan
Anglo-Saxons= Conversion of Britain</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Irish monks discover Iceland
(Vikings too)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #76923c; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 191;">Byzantine Empire, c.
400-1000 </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Justinian
and Theodora, r. 527-565<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Nika riot</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Rebuilding</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Legal codification</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Reconquering the west</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">537 Justinian commissioned the
Hagia Sophia<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in Constantinople</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Constantinople</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Lucrative industries,; chariot
races at the Hippodrrome;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Military
Might and Diplomatic dealings through provincial organization, bribes, spies,
and counterintelligence</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">East
Breaking Away from the West</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Justinian last Eastern Emperor to
use Latin as the official language- changed to Greek.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Religious controversy:
Caesaropapist (led both church & state)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Emperor Leo III r. 717-741
ordered iconoclasm (icon breaking) led to century of controversy</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Orthodox church</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Converting
the Slavs, 560-ca. 1000</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Cyril and Methodius</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Conversion of Russia</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Golden Age</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Greek
Fire, a now lost Secret formula, a flammable liquid that was pumped by tubes
onto enemy ships and even burned on the surface of the water. It was a sort of
flame thrower. Constantinople with its wall and … was saved.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Stirrups were also invented, which kept
Knights on horseback.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #76923c; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 191;">Islam, 600-1000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">570,
Prophet Muhammad born in Mecca<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>622, Beginning of Islam; Muhammad d. 632 in
Medina</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Islam
means “surrender to God” ; after saying a creed they follow the Five Pillars of
Faith(1private behavior/faith within 2 pray 5x/day, 3 almsgiving, 4 fast during
month of Ramada, 5 pilgrimage(Haj))</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Images
forbidden Use of calligraphy and geometric shapes: holy book for Muslims is the
Qur’an (Koran). Qur’an was not to be translated thus Arabic became the official
and unifying language.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">“Jihad”:
several meanings and different interpretations:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“greater Jihad” is the struggle within and “lesser Jihad” military
struggle against infidels</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">661,
“Ali (Caliph) ruler, was cousin and son-in-law to the Prophet Mohamed. He
wanted to be more of a spiritual leader than a governor & tax collector. He
was assassinated in 661.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those who
follow him are Shi’ite Muslims.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">661-750
Umayyad dynasty rules from Damascus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Umayyad
Caliphate held power in Spain</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">‘Abbasid
caliphate <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>not supported by Shi’ites</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">673,
Islamic Expansion & the Siege of Constantinople</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">ca.
691 Dome of the Rock built in Jerusalem</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">711,
Muslims conquer Spain</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">732,
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Battle of Tours/ Battle of Pointers-- Charles
“The Hammer” Martel</b> saved the Franks from invasions ….<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He pushed the Muslims out of France.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Christian armies stop the Muslim advance in
Europe. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Hellenistic
Learning; cultivated, translated, blended traditions. .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Libraries, Universities;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Avicenna (Ibn Sina) 980-1037
Muslim scientist; prolific writing; “scientific method”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mathematics<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Arabic Numerals” from India; algebra;
astrolabe invented; </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">_____________________________________________________________________________</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;">Chapter 7: The
Struggle to Bring Order: The Early Middle Ages, ca.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>750- 1000</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">______________________________________________________________________________</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">RULE
OF LAW</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Compurgation
(value in the community)=12 honorable men witnessed as to the accused’s
character.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ordeal:
“judgement”:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a physically harmful test
was given, with the belief if accused were innocent then God would protect them
(or) they would not be injured if innocent.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Legal
codes: Ancient German laws combined with Roman Law were written in Latin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Wergeld
= “man gold” = monetary compensation instead of feuds; Visigoths wrote
customary laws by 600s.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Common
Law: arising from customs, rather than legislation. (Originally, German Kings
just recorded customs as laws)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Statutory
Law: laws established by legislature or king</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">ANGLO-SAXON
ENGLAND: FORWARDING LEARNING AND LAW</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ca.
731 Bede, <u>Ecclesiastical History of English People</u>; He adopted BC/AD
& thereafter it became norm; history of ALL of England</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Witan
a circle of wise men of the realm who approved the next king. (Wittenagemot:
full assembly)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Royal
Offices: Kingdom divided in Shires with a official appointed by the King were
Earls; Sherriffs were appointed and reported directly to the King</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Alfred
the Great: King and Scholar</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Built the first English Navy
after Danish invasions (The Jarrow Monestary in the north was looted and
destroyed, and London was looted by some 350 ships)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Danelaw : treaty in 884 between
Alfred and Danish king Guthrum divided England: agreed to have different laws
but<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the same religion. Guthrum converted
to Christianity.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Alfred’s translations from Latin
into Old English, “It seems better to me for us also to translate some of the
books which are most needful for all men to know into the language which we can
all understand”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Common law</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Statutory law</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">CHARLEMAGNE
AND THE CAROLINGIANS: A NEW EUROPEAN EMPIRE (r.800-d.814)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Administering
the realm<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>by “missi dominici”= traveling
agents, a bishop and a nobleman; attended 2 assemblies a year to hear the kings
dictates; Thus centralized control maintained </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Linking
Politics & Religion. He converted the Saxons to prevent further rebellions</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Charlemagne’s
coronation 800 Christmas day.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>Grandson
of Charles Martel, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Charlemagne</i><u>,</u> Charles the Great,</b> reunited much of the Western
Roman Empire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He aided <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pope Leo III</b> by capturing rebellious
Roman nobles. The resulting alliance occurred:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This outraged the Eastern Roman Emperor and
created a unified (European/West) Christian Empire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The revival in learning also unified the
Kingdom.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Palace School at Aachen was run
by a respected York scholar, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Alcuin </b>[AL
kwin] for Charlemagne, his sons, and his nobles. 2</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Negotiating
with Byzantium & Islam: Charlemagne was on friendly terms with the caliph
in Baghdad, Harum al-Rashid (r. 786-809), their mutual enemy was the Byzantium
(ruled by Queen Irene who refused to marry Charlemagne).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Intellectual
Rebirth, educational reforms, establishing schools (free schools in villages);
handwriting reforms to make texts legible</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Trivium:
grammar, rhetoric, and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>logic, </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Quadrivium:
arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Louis
the Pious (r.814-840), Charlemagne’s only son; following his death the Kingdom amongst
his three sons: Charles the Bald, Lothair I, and Louis the German.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">ORDER
IN THE CHURCH</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Monasteries:
manuscripts copied and preserved; monastic learning; missionary work</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Cluniac
reform: monastery exempt from local control; owing only prayers to the donor of
the land</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">910
Monastery at Cluny founded; directly subordinate to the pope = increased papal
authority</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">VIKINGS
AND OTHER INVADERS</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Charlemagne’s
three grandsons started civil war </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">(Charles the Bald, Lothair I, and
Louis the German) </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Treaty of Verdun (843) divides
Carolingian Empire; western Europe no longer unified.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mismanagement of the kingdom,
civil war, evaporation of trade, and invasions from the north, south, and east
led to the end of the Carolingians</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">“The
Wrath of the Northmen”: Scandinavians: raids, trades, and settlements</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Invasions
of Europe 800s and 900s (map 7.5, p.219) Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Viking
Ships: long keel, large sail, 50-100 oarsmen, skilled navigators, often built
of oak that would flex in rough waters, fast and easy to beach and launch in
raids</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Treasure
Hoards 1,700<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>found (300 primarily
eastern silver coins) (gold was either hidden or used in status jewelry)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sagas:
old oral stories “Norse prose narratives” preserve history</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Western
explorations (Yes, they returned & didn’t fall off the edge of the
horizon): Iceland, Greenland (no, it isn’t green), and Vinland (North America)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ca. 100 Leif Erikson travels to
North America</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">European
settlements: northern France (Normandy), Sicily, northeast England </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">(871-901) Alfred the Great rules
England</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Alfred stopped the southward
expansion of the Viking, Danes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">(1016-1035)
Canute rules Denmark and a united England<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">King Swein of Denmark and son
Canute with a great fleet beat Anglo –Saxon King Edmund Ironside 1016.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1060
Norwegians convert to Christianity</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Farming and trade were easier in
times of peace.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">MANORS
AND FEUDAL TIES: ORDER EMERGING FROM CHAOS</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peasants
and Lords: Mutual Obligations on the Medieval Manor</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Serf’s
obligation to vassal<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of another vassal
to the king</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Feudal
Obligations; noble warriors; lords and vassals</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Vassal
receiving fief = land and workers in exchange for service and soldiers for
battle</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Feudalism
in Europe rose out of a necessity for a walled fortress that the people could
run to for protection. The people in return gave a portion of their produce,
time, and a man to fight.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Marriage
ties were alliances; the church regulated monogamous marriages; increased
status of legal wife and the heir she produced</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Medicine;
women were in charge of medicinal herbs and healthful diet.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Liege
lord: the lord who deserved unreserved loyalty, above all other vassal
relationships (usually unsuccessful) </span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">___________________________________________________________</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;">Chapter 8: Order Restored:
The High Middle Ages, 1000-1300</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">__________________________________________________________</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">AGRICULTURAL
LABOR</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Water
Mill: major source of mechanical power, ground grain</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Three-field
cultivation increased crop production: one field planted in spring, another in
fall, and the third was left fallow (unplanted).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Population
doubles (estimated) 37,000,000 to 74 million</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Life
span as long as today if one survived disease, accidents, childbearing and
warfare.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Windmills:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>generate power from the wind</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">vertical Persian design (simpler
and more efficient) </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">horizontal European design (would
need to pivot to catch shifting winds)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">New
freedoms gained by serfs in feudal relationships, if they moved to a region in
need of workers. (Count Adolf II of Holstein (1128-1164) advertised with
incentives, for farming families to move to his lands.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Environmental
consequences: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Slash & burn forrest clearing</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Waste dumped in rivers (human
waste and slaughtering by-products)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Coal burning ash in the air of
cities and lowlands</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">THOSE
OUTSIDE THE ORDER: TOWN LIFE</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Communes:
semi-independent communities that obtained charters from the lords who owned
the land. They sometimes revolted if they did not get the liberties they felt
deserving of.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Guilds:
tradesmen protected their interests: controlled trade, quality of goods, set
prices, and number of members. Women participated in the guild, because they
typically outnumbered men in urban locations.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Urban
Jews were important members of towns: first they were artisans, merchants, and
landowners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When Christians began
viewing them as competition, they became moneylenders in many towns, because it
was forbidden by the Christian Church. Jews thus made necessary contributions
to expanding commerce.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Christians
and Jews lived in urban settings in uneasy codependence.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">German
migration Eastward <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(map 8.1) 1000-13000
in search of farmland.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Widening
Web of trade routes. Growth of towns not because of increased manufacturing,
but trade of new goods as commercial centers and trading network hubs.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Champagne
fairs:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> the Earl
of Champagne hosted fairs that brought merchants from three zones and provided
space, booths, police, and moneylenders. Each day a different product was
presented, in exchange for sales tax collection.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Hanseatic
League</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">: replaced
the Champagne Fairs and Flanders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Hanseatic League monopolized northern (Baltic) trade with a group of 70-80
cities which controlled politics and economics of the region.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Cathedrals</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Romanesque</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> architecture: thick walls;
rounded arches directed roof weight down walls; <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The earlier style</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">La Madeline at Vezeley in Burgundy
(ca. 1104)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Gothic
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">architecture: soaring
heights, pointed arches directed roof weight down columns </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Flying buttresses: exterior
braces supported walls </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Amiens Cathedral, France
1220-1270 building years</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Stained glass: colorful glass
pieces held together by lead-webs to make magnificent story pictures</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">So large; the entire population
of the town could be present + visiting pilgrims</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Universities
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Scholasticism: the medieval
philosophy that reconciled faith and reason </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Anselm of Canterbury (1033-1109)
“faith seeking understanding”; wrote <u>Why God Became </u>Man; explained the
proof of God’s existence.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Peter Abelard (1079-1142)wrote <u>Yes
and No (Sic et Non) </u>150 theological questions with relevant Bible passages
for students to analyze and reconcile</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Abelard’s adversary was Bernard
of Clairvaux (1090-1153) who disapproved of inquiry and discussion.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Guibert of Nogent describes his
education document 8.1 autobiography, excerpt on medieval education for youth<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(enforced self-control </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>taught that faith and reason are compatible.
Great scholar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ramon Lull (ca. 1232-1316)
Missionary to the Muslims</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179)
wrote a book on women’s health,…</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jacoba Felicie, a female, Jewish physician
in Paris- order to stop practicing medicine</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Experimental Science</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1200s<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>orders of Christian friars founded<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Domincan
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">(order of
preachers) </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Franciscan
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">(Fancis of
Assisi said “Let us begin again”), ‘communal life of poverty, prayer, and
service; devoting their lives in search of God. 7 </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">NOBLES,
KNIGHTS AND CASTLES</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Chivalry:
an elaborate code of conduct. Some knights, however, did not live up to the
code of honor and bravery. 8</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jousts:
two knights in full armor on horseback charged at each other, each with a lance
& shield</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tournaments
were staged one-on-one combat in which knights were often injured</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Courtly
love = romantic love of the nobility, included loyalty and great deeds.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">CRUSADES</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The
Crusades were a series of battles in which European Christians battled Muslims
for control of the Holy Land.1</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1096
-1204 Christians launch the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">First
Crusade</b> in 1096. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pope Urban II called for the
first crusade to liberate Jerusalem form the Muslims, “can substitute this
journey for all penance” (as payment of sins).6</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">RISE
OF CENTRALIZED MONARCIES</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">ENGLAND:
from conquest to Parliament</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1066<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">William
the Conqueror</b> completes the Norman Conquest of England.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>He consolidates royal power;
limiting power of lords.1</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Henry
I, youngest of William the Conqueror’s sons</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Achieved peace in England</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Advances in administration
(modernized)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Henry
II (5 March 1133 -6 July 1189) 9</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Born near Tours (France)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">First of Plantagenet dynasty</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">King of England from
1154;strengthened<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>royal adminiatraion in
England.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Married Eleanor of Aquitaine</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Quarrels with Thomas Becket ,
archbishop of Canterbury and his family</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Richard 1 (r.1190-1999) “the
Lion-Hearted”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">John (r. 1100-1216)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 2.0in; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Magna
Carta limited royal power in England</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 2.0in; mso-list: l0 level4 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Parliament</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Edward
I</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">SPAIN:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Reconquest
of Iberia from the Muslims, by the Christians (900- 1250) map 8.5</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">FRANCE:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Capetian
dynasty</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Louis
IX</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Philip
IV</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Estates
General</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">RUS</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1236-1241
Mongol armies called the Golden Horde conquer Russia.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">_____________________________________________________________________________<span style="color: #4f6228; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;"></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 128;">Chapter 9: The West
Struggles and Eastern Empires Flourish: The Late Middle Ages ca. 1300-1500</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">_____________________________________________________________________________</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">ECONMIC AND SOCIAL MISERY</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">FAMINE</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bad
Weather</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">BLACK
DEATH PANDEMIC</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The
Black Death was an epidemic of the bubonic plaque [spread through bites of an
infected flea] that swept Europe from 1347-1353, killing about one-third of the
population.1 </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The
Black Death arrived in Europe by sea in October 1347 when 12 Genoese trading
ships docked at the Sicilian port of Messina after a long journey through the
Black Sea. The people who gathered on the docks to greet the ships were met
with a horrifying surprise: Most of the sailors aboard the ships were dead, and
those who were still alive were gravely ill. They were overcome with fever,
unable to keep food down and delirious from pain. Strangest of all, they were
covered in mysterious black boils that oozed blood and pus and gave their
illness its name: the “Black Death.” The Sicilian authorities hastily ordered
the fleet of “death ships” out of the harbor, but it was too late: Over the
next five years, the mysterious Black Death would kill more than 20 million
people in Europe–almost one-third [to one-half] of the continent’s population.
5</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The
Black Death affected cows, sheep, goats, pigs and chickens as well as people. One
of the consequences of the Black Death was a European wool shortage. 5</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Flagellants
believed the plaque to be caused by the wrath of God; they beat (whipped)
themselves; ritual parades</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jews
attacked; accused of causing the plague because they were not dying of it,
because of their strict food laws, etc. The Jews fled east to Poland, Russia,
and further; where they received protection.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">PEASANTS
AND TOWNSPEOPLE REVOLT</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">John
Bull </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Urban
revolts</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">IMPERIAL PAPACY BESIEGED</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">POPES
MOVE TO AVIGNON</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">“Babylonian
Captivity” breach of tradition</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Return
to Rome</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">THE
GREAT SCHISM, 1378-1417</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">This
is not the Schism (division) of 1054 which divided the Latin west with the
Orthodox east.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">CONCILIAR
MOVEMENT</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">NEW
CRITICS OF THE CHURCH</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">John
Wycliffe</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jan
Huss (ca. 1373-1415) Czech reformer</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Burned at the stake</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Followers called Lollards</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">HUNDRED
YEARS’ WAR (1337-1453)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">England
v. France</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">New weapons</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">English Victories</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Agincourt</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dauphin</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Joan of Arc 1431 After leading
French troops to victory, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Joan of Arc </b>is
executed by the English. 1 Joan of Arc hears the guiding voice, gathers an
Army, wins battles against the English for France, is captured by the English,
tried by the Inquisition, found guilty, recants and renounces the voices that
guided her, puts on women’s clothing (symbol of gender roles and obedience),
relapsed (renounced recanting, “never truly abandoned her errors”) showing thus
by putting men’s clothing back on, final adjudication (“WE DECREE THAT YOU ART
A RELAPSED HERETIC”), and received the death sentence (burned at the stake).4,
3 (p.277)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Results
of the War</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">In
England during the Hundred Years’ War, monarchs ask Parliament for funds,
increasing Parliament’s power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
France during the Hundred Years’ War, English are expelled from most of France,
increasing French national feeling.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>England
lost control of most of its territory in France.1</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">WAR
OF THE ROSES</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1455-1485
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">War of the Roses</b>: The English Civil
War between two branches of the royal family: Lancaster and York. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Richard
III (r. 1483-1485) attempted to end the conflict by imprisoning his nephews in
the Tower of London, where they were murdered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">This
resulted in the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Battle of Bosworth Field</b>
in 1485 in which the forces of Henry Tudor won (Henry VII<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>r. 1485-1509). He married Elizabeth of York
as an alliance “to heal the breach between the noble factions.” Henry VII
restored centralized control, prohibited private armies, and confiscated lands
of rebellious nobles.3</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">RESPONSES
TO THE DISRUPTION OF MEDIEVAL ORDER</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">William
of Ockham Reconsiders Scholasticism</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>New Literary Giants</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dante Alighieri (1265-1321)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The Divine Comedy</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Illuminated, Book of Hours
(Fifteenth Century)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Boccaccio</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Chaucer</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The Canterbury Tales (29 pilgrims
on a journey)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Precision
painting</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jan van Eyck (ca. 1395-1441)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Among first to use oil paint</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Realistic details</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Realism and symbolism</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">EMPIRES IN THE EAST</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Mongols (map 9.4 ca.1300)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Genghis Khan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Marco Polo, Venetian merchant,
and emissary of Genghis Khan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Franciscan priest, John of Monte
Corvino (1247-1328) missionary to China</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ottoman
Empire (1300-1566) map 9.5</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Conquest of Constantinople: 1453 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Constantinople falls to the Turks</b>: End
of the Eastern Roman Empire/Byzantine Empire</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Suleiman I</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Russia:
The Third Rome</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tsar Ivan III, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ivan the Great</b>, (r.1462-1505),expanded <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Russia and centralized power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Vlad
III <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dracula, Vlad the Dragon, (the
Impaler), King of Wallachia (a principality within modern day Romania) 1431-1476</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">\</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Endnotes:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ellis
& Esler. <u>World History</u>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pp.
210-323</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">….
<u>The Middle Ages in 3-1/2 minutes</u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sherman
& Salsibury. <u>The West in the World.</u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Saint
Joan of Arc Center, Albuquerque, NM, “the Relapse, the final abjudication and
the sentence of death,” </span><a href="http://www.stjoan-center.com/"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://www.stjoan-center.com</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></span><a href="http://www.history.com/topics/black-death"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://www.history.com/topics/black-death</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://www.historytoday.com/jonathan-phillips/crusades-complete-history"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://www.historytoday.com/jonathan-phillips/crusades-complete-history</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://www.franciscan.org/who-we-are"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://www.franciscan.org/who-we-are</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://medievaleurope.mrdonn.org/chivalry.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://medievaleurope.mrdonn.org/chivalry.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-II-king-of-England"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-II-king-of-England</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
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<![endif]-->Mrs. Richeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16829783318536366625noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5927515941942630108.post-50102763956052028922016-11-08T20:45:00.005-06:002016-12-07T11:14:15.849-06:00Term Paper Writing Instructions and TIPs<div dir="ltr" id="docs-internal-guid-02222f7e-46f6-69b3-aa92-28c490ec2213" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Term Paper Writing Instructions and TIPs</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Compiled by Mrs. Richey</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<i>Turabian endnote/footnote citations and bibliography: </i><br />
<i> </i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://www.eturabian.com/turabian/index.html">http://www.eturabian.com/turabian/index.html</a></span>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bibliography:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sherman, Dennis and Joyce Salisbury.
<i>West in the World</i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A History of Western Civilization</i> 5th AP ed.
New York: McGraw Hill Education, 2014.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<b>Endnotes: (example)</b><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dennis Sherman and Joyce Salisbury. <i>West
in the World</i>, 5th ed. (New York: McGraw Hill Education, 2014), 359-89.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sherman and Salisbury. <i>West in
the World</i>. 359-89.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ibid.,
388</span></div>
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"Some TIPS for Writing History Papers"</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<a href="http://www.arts.cornell.edu/prh3/257/classmats/papertip.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.arts.cornell.edu/prh3/257/classmats/papertip.html</span></a></div>
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"How to Write a Good History Essay"</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<a href="https://www.historytoday.com/robert-pearce/how-write-good-history-essay" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.historytoday.com/robert-pearce/how-write-good-history-essay</span></a></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
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<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Outlines aid in writing the table of contents for papers. </span><a href="https://explorable.com/research-paper-outline-examples" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://explorable.com/research-paper-outline-examples</span></a></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">*”How to Write Term Papers” by McGraw Hill textbook publisher.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<a href="http://novella.mhhe.com/sites/0079876543/student_view0/research_center-999/research_papers30/how_to_write_term_papers.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://novella.mhhe.com/sites/0079876543/student_view0/research_center-999/research_papers30/how_to_write_term_papers.html</span></a></div>
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<div dir="ltr" id="docs-internal-guid-02222f7e-5eb7-77c6-fc03-5607b1093a0b" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">How to sentence outline</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<a href="https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=how+to+sentence+outline&qpvt=how+to+sentence+outline&view=detail&mid=7A515EC7C0F474DE96667A515EC7C0F474DE9666&FORM=VRDGAR" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=how+to+sentence+outline&qpvt=how+to+sentence+outline&view=detail&mid=7A515EC7C0F474DE96667A515EC7C0F474DE9666&FORM=VRDGAR</span></a></div>
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Mrs. Richeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16829783318536366625noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5927515941942630108.post-25963765095294820362016-10-24T09:25:00.000-05:002016-10-24T09:25:32.713-05:00Middle Ages<div dir="ltr" id="docs-internal-guid-2de0abc4-f712-499a-ccbb-be8cc48ccd21" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Middle Ages</span></div>
<br /><br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Margreet de Heer </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6EAMqKUimr8" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">The Middle Ages in 3 1/2 minutes</span></a></div>
<br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Joseph Sitke, PhD “Living History Living in Medieval Europe” with video quiz following. (This is very simplified; basic summary.) </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlLBmfW8eFY" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlLBmfW8eFY</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (21:40)</span></div>
<br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“The Worst Jobs in History-Medieval” </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4tTUXdK7-0" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4tTUXdK7-0</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (46:43)</span></div>
<br /><br /><br />Mrs. Richeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16829783318536366625noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5927515941942630108.post-1916481949654205532016-10-05T16:33:00.001-05:002016-10-05T16:33:38.193-05:00Romans 753 BC - AD 476 <style type="text/css"><!--td {border: 1px solid #ccc;}br {mso-data-placement:same-cell;}--></style><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" dir="ltr" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #ccc; font-family: arial,sans,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; table-layout: fixed;"><colgroup><col width="115"></col><col width="100"></col><col width="92"></col><col width="135"></col><col width="150"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Rome"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Rome</td><td style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"\n"}" style="background-color: white; font-size: 120%; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"who/what"}" style="background-color: white; font-size: 120%; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">who/what</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"when"}" style="background-color: white; font-size: 120%; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">when</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"where"}" style="background-color: white; font-size: 120%; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">where</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"why (cause) "}" style="background-color: white; font-size: 120%; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">why (cause) </td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"significance (result)"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; font-size: 120%; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">significance (result)</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Etruscans"}" style="background-color: white; font-size: 100%; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Etruscans</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":" - 392 Etruscan city destroyed by Romans. Triumph arch errected."}" style="background-color: white; font-size: 100%; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;"> - 392 Etruscan city destroyed by Romans. Triumph arch errected.</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Tuscany, western Umbria, and northern Lazio."}" style="background-color: white; font-size: 100%; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Tuscany, western Umbria, and northern Lazio.</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Etruscans overlords of Romans"}" style="background-color: white; font-size: 100%; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Etruscans overlords of Romans</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Etruscan kings and nobles attacked by Brutus after the attack on the honorable, matron Lucretia, resulting in the Freedom of the Romans. 1"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; font-size: 100%; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Etruscan kings and nobles attacked by Brutus after the attack on the honorable, matron Lucretia, resulting in the Freedom of the Romans. 1</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Republic Established"}" style="background-color: lime; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Republic Established</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"509-27 BC"}" style="background-color: lime; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">509-27 BC</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Rome"}" style="background-color: lime; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Rome</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Cinnitatus"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Cinnitatus</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":" consul in 460 BC and dictator in 458 BC and 439 BC "}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;"> consul in 460 BC and dictator in 458 BC and 439 BC </td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Rome under attack; asked to become \"dictator\""}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Rome under attack; asked to become "dictator"</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"relinquished when threat gone"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">relinquished when threat gone</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Celts from Gaul (present day France) \"Barbarians\""}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Celts from Gaul (present day France) "Barbarians"</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"387 BC"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">387 BC</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Rome"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Rome</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Gauls pushed out of their homeland; asked for territory in Italy; refused; Rome sacked; Rome paid all for Celts to move on."}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Gauls pushed out of their homeland; asked for territory in Italy; refused; Rome sacked; Rome paid all for Celts to move on.</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Celts destroyed Rome; Romans learned ..."}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Celts destroyed Rome; Romans learned ...</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Camillus, "}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Camillus, </td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":3,"3":368}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">368</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Rome"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Rome</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"appointed dictator at age 80"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">appointed dictator at age 80</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"caused patrician assent to plebeians demands; build the temple at Concord. 2"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">caused patrician assent to plebeians demands; build the temple at Concord. 2</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Latium"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Latium</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"338 BC"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">338 BC</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Latium"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Latium</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Rome controls Latium"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Rome controls Latium</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Po Valley"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Po Valley</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"268 BC"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">268 BC</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Po Valley, Italy"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Po Valley, Italy</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Rome controls south of Po Valley"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Rome controls south of Po Valley</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"First Punic War"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">First Punic War</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"264-241 BC"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">264-241 BC</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Sicily"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Sicily</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Rome v. Carthage"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Rome v. Carthage</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Most of Sicily made the first Province of Rome"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Most of Sicily made the first Province of Rome</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Carthage\n"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Carthage</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"238 BC "}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">238 BC </td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Sardinia & Corsica"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Sardinia & Corsica</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Sardinia & Corsica taken from Carthage"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Sardinia & Corsica taken from Carthage</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Second Punic War"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Second Punic War</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"218-202 BC"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">218-202 BC</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Rome v. Carthage"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Rome v. Carthage</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"218 Carthaginian general Hannibal invades Italy.218-216 Victories of Hannibal; ended in defeat of Hannibal"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">218 Carthaginian general Hannibal invades Italy.218-216 Victories of Hannibal; ended in defeat of Hannibal</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Plautus (playwright) "}" style="font-size: 100%; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Plautus (playwright) </td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"218-202 CKON"}" style="font-size: 100%; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">218-202 CKON</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Earliest major works of Latin literature preserved"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Earliest major works of Latin literature preserved</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Ptolemy IV "}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Ptolemy IV </td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"d. 204 BC"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">d. 204 BC</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Egypt"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Egypt</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Antiochus III"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Antiochus III</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"201-198 BC"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">201-198 BC</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"takes Palestine"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">takes Palestine</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Rome defeats Macedon, Philip V"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Rome defeats Macedon, Philip V</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"200-197"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">200-197</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Rome subjugates Spain"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Rome subjugates Spain</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"195-179, 154-133"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">195-179, 154-133</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Cato"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Cato</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":3,"3":184}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">184</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Censored"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Censored</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Sewers"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Sewers</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":3,"3":184}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">184</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Rome"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Rome</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Sewer system cost: 1,000 talents "}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Sewer system cost: 1,000 talents </td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Aquileia"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Aquileia</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":3,"3":181}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">181</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"foundation of"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">foundation of</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Conquest south of Alps"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Conquest south of Alps</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":3,"3":181}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">181</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Italy"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Italy</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"The territory of Carthage becomes the Roman province of \"Africa\" The Punic agriculture writings are ordered by the Roman Senate to be translated into Latin "}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">The territory of Carthage becomes the Roman province of "Africa" The Punic agriculture writings are ordered by the Roman Senate to be translated into Latin </td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"direct taxation"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">direct taxation</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":3,"3":167}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">167</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Rome"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Rome</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"end of direct taxation for Roman Citizens"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">end of direct taxation for Roman Citizens</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"most of Greece & Macedonia taken; raze of Corinth; third Punic war; Carthage destroyed;"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">most of Greece & Macedonia taken; raze of Corinth; third Punic war; Carthage destroyed;</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"149-146"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">149-146</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Rome v. Carthage"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Rome v. Carthage</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"The territory of Carthage becomes the Roman province of \"Africa\" The Punic agriculture writings are ordered by the Roman Senate to be translated into Latin "}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">The territory of Carthage becomes the Roman province of "Africa" The Punic agriculture writings are ordered by the Roman Senate to be translated into Latin </td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Aqueduct"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Aqueduct</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":3,"3":144}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;">144</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Rome"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Rome</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"into of hydraulic cement"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">into of hydraulic cement</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"first aqueduct of high-level built"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">first aqueduct of high-level built</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Julius Caesar, general & \"caesar\""}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Julius Caesar, general & "caesar"</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"c. 100 - assassinated 15th March 44 BC"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">c. 100 - assassinated 15th March 44 BC</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Rome"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Rome</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"*reforms attempted to save ailing republic * self-appointed absolute ruler. 4"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">*reforms attempted to save ailing republic * self-appointed absolute ruler. 4</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"(born Gaius Octavius) Octavian / Augustus, first Roman Emperor"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">(born Gaius Octavius) Octavian / Augustus, first Roman Emperor</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"63 BC-AD 14 (r. 31 BC - AD 14)"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">63 BC-AD 14 (r. 31 BC - AD 14)</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Rome"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Rome</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"*declared 'Exalted One' & first citizen by the Senate. * First ruler of the Pax Romana. 4,6 "}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">*declared 'Exalted One' & first citizen by the Senate. * First ruler of the Pax Romana. 4,6 </td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Livy, historian "}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Livy, historian </td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"59 BC - AD 17 "}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">59 BC - AD 17 </td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Rome"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Rome</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"sought to find noble beginnings of Rome"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">sought to find noble beginnings of Rome</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"wrote the history of Rome on wax tablets"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">wrote the history of Rome on wax tablets</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Battle of Actium, naval engagement"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Battle of Actium, naval engagement</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"31 BC"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">31 BC</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":" Ionian Sea near the city of Actium, (off the western coast of Greece) "}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;"> Ionian Sea near the city of Actium, (off the western coast of Greece) </td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Octavian (Augustus) defeated Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium. 6"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Octavian (Augustus) defeated Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium. 6</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Octavian (Augustus) now undisputed ruler of Rome. 6"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Octavian (Augustus) now undisputed ruler of Rome. 6</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"The Roman Empire"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">The Roman Empire</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"31 BC - AD 476"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">31 BC - AD 476</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":3,"3":7}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom;">7</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":" Octavian takes the name Augustus \"peaceful\" \"serene\""}" style="background-color: lime; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;"> Octavian takes the name Augustus "peaceful" "serene"</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"27 BC"}" style="background-color: lime; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">27 BC</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Rome"}" style="background-color: lime; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Rome</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Roman Republic ends"}" style="background-color: lime; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Roman Republic ends</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Augustus founds the Roman Empire.4 "}" style="background-color: lime; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Augustus founds the Roman Empire.4 </td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Vergil (Virgil), poet"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Vergil (Virgil), poet</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"19 BC"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">19 BC</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Rome"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Rome</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"publication of Aeneid, epic poem of Rome. 7"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">publication of Aeneid, epic poem of Rome. 7</td><td style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Jesus"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Jesus</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"c 6-4 BC- c.3rd April AD 33"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">c 6-4 BC- c.3rd April AD 33</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Nazareth"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Nazareth</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"\"the Christ\""}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">"the Christ"</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Beginning of Christianity 8"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Beginning of Christianity 8</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Ovid, poet"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Ovid, poet</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"AD 8"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">AD 8</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":" "}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"> </td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"mocked Roman Emperor Augustus's moral reforms. 6"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">mocked Roman Emperor Augustus's moral reforms. 6</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"exile. 6"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">exile. 6</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Varian disaster"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Varian disaster</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"AD 9"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">AD 9</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"(Germany)"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">(Germany)</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"3 of an overall 28 Roman legions annihilated. 6"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">3 of an overall 28 Roman legions annihilated. 6</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Romans abandoned the area east of the Rhine to the 'barbarians' of the frontier. 6"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Romans abandoned the area east of the Rhine to the 'barbarians' of the frontier. 6</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Saint Paul; The Gospels; The Gnostics"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Saint Paul; The Gospels; The Gnostics</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"AD ca. 40-95"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">AD ca. 40-95</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":3,"3":7}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom;">7</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Hadrian (Patheon)"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Hadrian (Patheon)</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"AD 117-138"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">AD 117-138</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":3,"3":7}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom;">7</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Marcus Aurelius"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Marcus Aurelius</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"AD 121 -AD 180"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">AD 121 -AD 180</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"last great emperor of Pax Romana 4"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">last great emperor of Pax Romana 4</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Diocletian"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Diocletian</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"AD245 -AD 316"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">AD245 -AD 316</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Divides Roman empire into eastern and western parts, AD 286"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Divides Roman empire into eastern and western parts, AD 286</td><td data-sheets-numberformat="{"1":5,"2":"m, d","3":1}" data-sheets-value="{"1":3,"3":42467}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom;">4, 7</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Constantine"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Constantine</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"AD 280 (?) - AD 337"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">AD 280 (?) - AD 337</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Rome then Constantinople"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Rome then Constantinople</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"* Edict of Milan; * Moved capital to Constantiople. 4"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">* Edict of Milan; * Moved capital to Constantiople. 4</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Edit of Milan"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Edit of Milan</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"February AD 313"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">February AD 313</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Milan"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Milan</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"granted Christians toleration within the Roman Empire. 4"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">granted Christians toleration within the Roman Empire. 4</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Constantinople"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Constantinople</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"AD 330"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">AD 330</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Constantinople"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Constantinople</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Emperor Constantine founds Constantinople (Istanbul) 7"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Emperor Constantine founds Constantinople (Istanbul) 7</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Capital of Roman Empire moves eastward. 4"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Capital of Roman Empire moves eastward. 4</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Christianity"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Christianity</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"AD 380"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">AD 380</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Roman Empire"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Roman Empire</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Official religion. 4"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Official religion. 4</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Odoacer, Germanic leader"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Odoacer, Germanic leader</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"AD 476"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">AD 476</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"dethrones last Roman emperor. 4"}" style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">dethrones last Roman emperor. 4</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Endnotes:"}" style="background-color: #c9daf8; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Endnotes:</td><td style="background-color: #c9daf8; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="background-color: #c9daf8; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="background-color: #c9daf8; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="background-color: #c9daf8; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"1 Garraty, John and Peter Gay editors. The Columbia History of the World. Evanston: Harper & Row, 1972 pp.190-249. "}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">1 Garraty, John and Peter Gay editors. The Columbia History of the World. Evanston: Harper & Row, 1972 pp.190-249. </td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"6. bbc + history + historic figures + Augustus (63 BC - AD 14)"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">6. bbc + history + historic figures + Augustus (63 BC - AD 14)</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"2 Johnson, Rossiter LL.D., editor-in-chief. The Great Events by Famous Historians. V. II The National Alumni. 1905 pp.166-408"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">2 Johnson, Rossiter LL.D., editor-in-chief. The Great Events by Famous Historians. V. II The National Alumni. 1905 pp.166-408</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"7 \"An Overview of Western Civilization\" \"00westciv.pdf\" download 29 slides."}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">7 "An Overview of Western Civilization" "00westciv.pdf" download 29 slides.</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"3. Copeland, Lewis editor. High School Subjects Self Taught. Vol. I Chicago: JG Ferguson Publishing, 1967. pp. 25-45"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">3. Copeland, Lewis editor. High School Subjects Self Taught. Vol. I Chicago: JG Ferguson Publishing, 1967. pp. 25-45</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"8 http://www.thenazareneway.com/date_of_birth_and_death_of_jesus.htm"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">8 http://www.thenazareneway.com/date_of_birth_and_death_of_jesus.htm</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"4 Ellis Elisabeth Gaynor and Anthony Esler. World History. Pearson Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. 2009. pp. 148-183.\n"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">4 Ellis Elisabeth Gaynor and Anthony Esler. World History. Pearson Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. 2009. pp. 148-183.</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"5 Sherman Dennis and Joyce Salisbury. The West in the World. New York: McGraw Hill Education. 5th ed. pp.102-129"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">5 Sherman Dennis and Joyce Salisbury. The West in the World. New York: McGraw Hill Education. 5th ed. pp.102-129</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"compiled by Mrs. Julie Richey, M.A."}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">compiled by Mrs. Julie Richey, M.A.</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="background-color: white; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
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Mrs. Richeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16829783318536366625noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5927515941942630108.post-69927544775483627472016-09-23T21:46:00.000-05:002016-09-23T21:46:02.368-05:00chart Greeks 2000-150 B.C.<style type="text/css"><!--td {border: 1px solid #ccc;}br {mso-data-placement:same-cell;}--></style><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" dir="ltr" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #ccc; font-family: arial,sans,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; table-layout: fixed;"><colgroup><col width="260"></col><col width="100"></col><col width="343"></col><col width="112"></col><col width="405"></col><col width="100"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Who/What"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; font-size: 140%; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Who/What</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"When"}" style="font-size: 140%; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">When</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Where\n"}" style="font-size: 140%; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Where</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Why (Cause)"}" style="font-size: 140%; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Why (Cause)</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Significance (Result)"}" style="font-size: 140%; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; wrap-strategy: 0;">Significance (Result)</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Minoans"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Minoans</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"2000-1450"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">2000-1450</td><td data-sheets-formula="=HYPERLINK("https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh60wskJu0pcF1ibpkXiPmHWDjKmCXgGLoHqbtjJaSfxgRohW557HaYQxcq_Bhg8Z-5rlP77yHPoDhZ9kBmGHg2jHsLeBdG6T98cBFuOJK7r3jBQk6GRuV0bxHeVUatEFf2KkSlo_xIXs7V/s1600/minoanbronze_age_map.gif","origins at Knossos, Crete https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh60wskJu0pcF1ibpkXiPmHWDjKmCXgGLoHqbtjJaSfxgRohW557HaYQxcq_Bhg8Z-5rlP77yHPoDhZ9kBmGHg2jHsLeBdG6T98cBFuOJK7r3jBQk6GRuV0bxHeVUatEFf2KkSlo_xIXs7V/s1600/minoanbronze_age_map.gif")" data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"origins at Knossos, Crete https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh60wskJu0pcF1ibpkXiPmHWDjKmCXgGLoHqbtjJaSfxgRohW557HaYQxcq_Bhg8Z-5rlP77yHPoDhZ9kBmGHg2jHsLeBdG6T98cBFuOJK7r3jBQk6GRuV0bxHeVUatEFf2KkSlo_xIXs7V/s1600/minoanbronze_age_map.gif"}" style="color: #1155cc; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;"><a class="in-cell-link" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh60wskJu0pcF1ibpkXiPmHWDjKmCXgGLoHqbtjJaSfxgRohW557HaYQxcq_Bhg8Z-5rlP77yHPoDhZ9kBmGHg2jHsLeBdG6T98cBFuOJK7r3jBQk6GRuV0bxHeVUatEFf2KkSlo_xIXs7V/s1600/minoanbronze_age_map.gif" target="_blank">origins at Knossos, Crete https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh60wskJu0pcF1ibpkXiPmHWDjKmCXgGLoHqbtjJaSfxgRohW557HaYQxcq_Bhg8Z-5rlP77yHPoDhZ9kBmGHg2jHsLeBdG6T98cBFuOJK7r3jBQk6GRuV0bxHeVUatEFf2KkSlo_xIXs7V/s1600/minoanbronze_age_map.gif</a></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"bronze foundaries; Meditterranean, Agean,Black Sea shipping empire"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">bronze foundaries; Meditterranean, Agean,Black Sea shipping empire</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"The end of the Minoans correlates with the end of the Bronze Age resulting in the spread of Iron.\n"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">The end of the Minoans correlates with the end of the Bronze Age resulting in the spread of Iron.</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Mycenaeans"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Mycenaeans</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"1600-1100"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">1600-1100</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"origins on the Peloponesse Peninsula of Greece (see map in the Minoan link)"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">origins on the Peloponesse Peninsula of Greece (see map in the Minoan link)</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"These early Greeks: took over Minoan trade routes, agressive expansion"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">These early Greeks: took over Minoan trade routes, agressive expansion</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Trojan War: Mycenae and Troy over economic rivalry (trade & expansion). Victors: Mycenaeans.\n"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Trojan War: Mycenae and Troy over economic rivalry (trade & expansion). Victors: Mycenaeans.</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Athenanians"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Athenanians</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Athens: continuiously inhabited for 5000 years (ca 3000 BC)"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Athens: continuiously inhabited for 5000 years (ca 3000 BC)</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"(see map of Greco-Persian Wars)"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">(see map of Greco-Persian Wars)</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Foundation for Democracy, science, medicine, philosopy, history, theater"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Foundation for Democracy, science, medicine, philosopy, history, theater</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Spartans"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Spartans</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"apex 650-371"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">apex 650-371</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"primary, city-state of Lacedaemon in south-eastern Peloponnese."}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">primary, city-state of Lacedaemon in south-eastern Peloponnese.</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/sparta/home_set.html"}" style="color: #1155cc; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;"><a class="in-cell-link" href="http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/sparta/home_set.html" target="_blank">http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/sparta/home_set.html</a></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"The Spartan Army was instrumental in defeating the Persians. \n"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">The Spartan Army was instrumental in defeating the Persians. </td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Olympics"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Olympics</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"first recorded 776"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">first recorded 776</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"on the plains of Olymipia, Greece"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">on the plains of Olymipia, Greece</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"honor the Gods"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">honor the Gods</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Most important race was running. Every four years the city-states competed."}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Most important race was running. Every four years the city-states competed.</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Homer"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Homer</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"751-651"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">751-651</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"b. Smyrna, Turkey- d. Ios, Greece"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">b. Smyrna, Turkey- d. Ios, Greece</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Illiad, Odyssey, blind wandering singer of ballads (poems)"}" style="font-style: italic; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Illiad, Odyssey, blind wandering singer of ballads (poems)</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Solon"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Solon</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":3,"3":594}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom;">594</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Athens"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Athens</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"built foundation for democracy; first government to include all people; release poor from their debts/slavery"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">built foundation for democracy; first government to include all people; release poor from their debts/slavery</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Cleisthenes"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Cleisthenes</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"570-508"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">570-508</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Athens"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Athens</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"reformed constitution; \"Father [founder] of Athenean Democracy\""}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">reformed constitution; "Father [founder] of Athenean Democracy"</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Pisistratus"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Pisistratus</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"r. 561-527"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">r. 561-527</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"ruled Athens"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">ruled Athens</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"aided the poor; established the Panathenaic Festival (every 4yrs. contests in music, poetry, chariot racing,...)"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">aided the poor; established the Panathenaic Festival (every 4yrs. contests in music, poetry, chariot racing,...)</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Pericles"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Pericles</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"495-429"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">495-429</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Buit Accropolis temples; Height of Athenean democracy(460)"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Buit Accropolis temples; Height of Athenean democracy(460)</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Greco-Persian Wars"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Greco-Persian Wars</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"490-479"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">490-479</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"http://iranpoliticsclub.net/maps/images/038%20Greco-Persian%20Wars%20499%20BC-479%20BC%20Campaigns%202%20Map.jpg"}" style="color: #1155cc; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;"><a class="in-cell-link" href="http://iranpoliticsclub.net/maps/images/038%20Greco-Persian%20Wars%20499%20BC-479%20BC%20Campaigns%202%20Map.jpg" target="_blank">http://iranpoliticsclub.net/maps/images/038%20Greco-Persian%20Wars%20499%20BC-479%20BC%20Campaigns%202%20Map.jpg</a></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Victors: Greek-city states"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Victors: Greek-city states</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Battle of Marathon"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Battle of Marathon</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":3,"3":490}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom;">490</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"First Persian Invasion"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">First Persian Invasion</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Greece repelled at the Battle of Marathon; first marathon-runner sent to Athens to tell of the victory"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Greece repelled at the Battle of Marathon; first marathon-runner sent to Athens to tell of the victory</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Herodotus"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Herodotus</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"484-425"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">484-425</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Greek historian"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Greek historian</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"wrote The Persian Wars, encouraged research in histories"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">wrote The Persian Wars, encouraged research in histories</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Battle at Thermopylae"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Battle at Thermopylae</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":3,"3":480}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom;">480</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Pass of Thermopylae"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Pass of Thermopylae</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Second Persian invasion of Greeece;first battle"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Second Persian invasion of Greeece;first battle</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Greek allies with 300 Spartas (with King Leonaidas). The Spartas...held the pass for three days, then were encircled, and cut down to a man. Victor: Persians"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Greek allies with 300 Spartas (with King Leonaidas). The Spartas...held the pass for three days, then were encircled, and cut down to a man. Victor: Persians</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Battle at Salamis"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Battle at Salamis</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"29 Sept. 480"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">29 Sept. 480</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Naval Battle"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Naval Battle</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Second Persian invasion of Greece; second battle"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Second Persian invasion of Greece; second battle</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Victor: Athens"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Victor: Athens</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Battle at Plataea"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Battle at Plataea</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":3,"3":479}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom;">479</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"land battle"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">land battle</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Second Persian Invasion of Greece; third battle"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Second Persian Invasion of Greece; third battle</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Victor Sparta; Persians did not continue. Longlasting peace in Greece led to The Classical Greek Age"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Victor Sparta; Persians did not continue. Longlasting peace in Greece led to The Classical Greek Age</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Golden Age of Athens/ Classical Greek Age"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Golden Age of Athens/ Classical Greek Age</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"479-404 (336)"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">479-404 (336)</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Athens, Greece"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Athens, Greece</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"The period of peace during which Greek advanced in philosopy, arts, medicine, histories, mathematics, and science.\n"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">The period of peace during which Greek advanced in philosopy, arts, medicine, histories, mathematics, and science.</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Ends with Athens defeat during the Peloponnesian War ."}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Ends with Athens defeat during the Peloponnesian War .</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Socrates"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Socrates</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"469-399"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">469-399</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Greek Philosopher"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Greek Philosopher</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Sought truth & self-knowledge; \"Socratic Method\"= respond with a question; trial = choose exile or poison"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Sought truth & self-knowledge; "Socratic Method"= respond with a question; trial = choose exile or poison</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Thucydides"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Thucydides</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"460-395"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">460-395</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Greek General and historian"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Greek General and historian</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"wrote The Peloponnesian War; promoted unbiased writing of histories"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">wrote The Peloponnesian War; promoted unbiased writing of histories</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Hippocrates"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Hippocrates</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"ca. 460-377"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">ca. 460-377</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"\"Father of Modern Medicine\""}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">"Father of Modern Medicine"</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Peloponnesian War"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Peloponnesian War</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"431-404"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">431-404</td><td data-sheets-formula="=HYPERLINK("http://www.ancient.eu/uploads/images/1260.png?v=1431030396")" data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"http://www.ancient.eu/uploads/images/1260.png?v=1431030396"}" style="color: #1155cc; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;"><a class="in-cell-link" href="http://www.ancient.eu/uploads/images/1260.png?v=1431030396" target="_blank">http://www.ancient.eu/uploads/images/1260.png?v=1431030396</a></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"1) resentment of Athenian domination, 2) disagreement on form of government"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">1) resentment of Athenian domination, 2) disagreement on form of government</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Victor: Sparta and allies; Sparta became the leading influence in Greece until the Battle of Leuctra. The end of the Golden Age of Athens."}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Victor: Sparta and allies; Sparta became the leading influence in Greece until the Battle of Leuctra. The end of the Golden Age of Athens.</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Diogenes"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Diogenes</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"ca.400-ca. 325"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">ca.400-ca. 325</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Greek Philosopher"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Greek Philosopher</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Cynicism"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Cynicism</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Decline of Poleis"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Decline of Poleis</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"400-323"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">400-323</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Greece"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Greece</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"conincides with the decline of Athens following the Peloponnesian War"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">conincides with the decline of Athens following the Peloponnesian War</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Plato"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Plato</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"399-347"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">399-347</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Greek Philosopher"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Greek Philosopher</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"student of Socrates; teacher of Aristotle"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">student of Socrates; teacher of Aristotle</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"favored rule of philosopher-king; worte The Republic, wrote The Apology explaining philosophy of Socrates"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">favored rule of philosopher-king; worte The Republic, wrote The Apology explaining philosophy of Socrates</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Aristotle"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Aristotle</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"384-322"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">384-322</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Greek Philosopher"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Greek Philosopher</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Student of Plato; Tutor of Alexander the Great"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Student of Plato; Tutor of Alexander the Great</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"\"golden mean\"=balance of moral extremees; Wrote Politics=favored strong, virtuous leader; studied strengths and weaknesses of governments."}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">"golden mean"=balance of moral extremees; Wrote Politics=favored strong, virtuous leader; studied strengths and weaknesses of governments.</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Battle of Leuctra"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Battle of Leuctra</td><td data-sheets-numberformat="[null,5,"mmmm d, yyyy",1]" data-sheets-value="{"1":3,"3":-558268}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom;">July 6, 0371</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Thebes vs. Sparta"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Thebes vs. Sparta</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Victor: Thebes; Sparta never fully recovered militarily"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Victor: Thebes; Sparta never fully recovered militarily</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Philip II of Macedonia"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Philip II of Macedonia</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"359-336"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">359-336</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"http://www.historyofmacedonia.org/AncientMacedonia/images/BEFORE_PHILIP1.jpg"}" style="color: #1155cc; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: bottom;"><a class="in-cell-link" href="http://www.historyofmacedonia.org/AncientMacedonia/images/BEFORE_PHILIP1.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.historyofmacedonia.org/AncientMacedonia/images/BEFORE_PHILIP1.jpg</a></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Macedonian King who conquered Greece"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Macedonian King who conquered Greece</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"While a hostage of the Greeks he learned their greatest military secret, the phalanx formation. "}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">While a hostage of the Greeks he learned their greatest military secret, the phalanx formation. </td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Menander [m\u0259\u02c8nand\u0259r]"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Menander [məˈnandər]</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"ca.342-ca. 292"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">ca.342-ca. 292</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Greek playwright"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Greek playwright</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"wrote 108 comedies; won Lenaia Festival 8 times. "}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">wrote 108 comedies; won Lenaia Festival 8 times. </td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Battle of Chaeronea"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Battle of Chaeronea</td><td data-sheets-numberformat="[null,5,"d mmmmyyyy",1]" data-sheets-value="{"1":3,"3":-570294}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom;">2 August0338</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Philip II defeats combined forces of Athens and Thebes"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Philip II defeats combined forces of Athens and Thebes</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Secured the Macedonian hegemony (politico\u2013military dominance) over Greece and the Aegean"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Secured the Macedonian hegemony (politico–military dominance) over Greece and the Aegean</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Alexander the Great"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Alexander the Great</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"r.336-323"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">r.336-323</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Macedonia"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Macedonia</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"conquered an empire"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">conquered an empire</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"His empire stretched from Greece, Middle East, India, and Egypt; encouraged the spread of Greek culture throughout his empire."}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">His empire stretched from Greece, Middle East, India, and Egypt; encouraged the spread of Greek culture throughout his empire.</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Hellenistic Kingdoms"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Hellenistic Kingdoms</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"337-31"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">337-31</td><td data-sheets-formula="=HYPERLINK("http://www.ancient.eu/uploads/images/display-581.jpg?v=1431035398","http://www.ancient.eu/uploads/images/display-581.jpg?v=1431035398")" data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"http://www.ancient.eu/uploads/images/display-581.jpg?v=1431035398"}" style="color: #1155cc; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;"><a class="in-cell-link" href="http://www.ancient.eu/uploads/images/display-581.jpg?v=1431035398" target="_blank">http://www.ancient.eu/uploads/images/display-581.jpg?v=1431035398</a></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"after Alexander's death; he had no royal heirs or appointed successors"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">after Alexander's death; he had no royal heirs or appointed successors</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Egypt, the Seleucid Empire, the Kingdom of Pergamon and Macedon (including Greece). Result: four full-scale wars followed by three kingdoms Egypt (w. southern Syria), Asian, and European."}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Egypt, the Seleucid Empire, the Kingdom of Pergamon and Macedon (including Greece). Result: four full-scale wars followed by three kingdoms Egypt (w. southern Syria), Asian, and European.</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Herophilus"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Herophilus</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"ca. 335-ca. 280"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">ca. 335-ca. 280</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Alexandria\n"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Alexandria</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Greek Physcian"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Greek Physcian</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Father of Anatomy; All his works lost in the destruction of the Library at Alexandria 272 AD, first to measure the pulse; cures: drugs, dietetics, and gymnastics"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Father of Anatomy; All his works lost in the destruction of the Library at Alexandria 272 AD, first to measure the pulse; cures: drugs, dietetics, and gymnastics</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Battle of Issus"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Battle of Issus</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":3,"3":333}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom;">333</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"southern Anatolia"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">southern Anatolia</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"second battle of Alexander's conquest of Asia"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">second battle of Alexander's conquest of Asia</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Macedonians (Alexander) vs. Persians (Darius III). Victor: Macedonians"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Macedonians (Alexander) vs. Persians (Darius III). Victor: Macedonians</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Alexander conquers Egypt"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Alexander conquers Egypt</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":3,"3":332}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom;">332</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Egypt"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Egypt</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Vicotor: Macedonia; Alexander crowned king; Founded city of Alexandria"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Vicotor: Macedonia; Alexander crowned king; Founded city of Alexandria</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Battle of Gaugamela (Arbela)"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Battle of Gaugamela (Arbela)</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"1st October 331"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">1st October 331</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Plain of Gaugamela, near Arbela (present-day Irb\u012bl in northern Iraq)"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Plain of Gaugamela, near Arbela (present-day Irbīl in northern Iraq)</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Decisive battle: Macedonnian - Hellenic League (Alexander) vs. Persian- Achaemenid (Darius III);Macedonias outnumbered, used a feint and flank; Darius Fled and his army paniced; Victor: Alexander of Macedonia "}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Decisive battle: Macedonnian - Hellenic League (Alexander) vs. Persian- Achaemenid (Darius III);Macedonias outnumbered, used a feint and flank; Darius Fled and his army paniced; Victor: Alexander of Macedonia </td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Persepolis destroyed"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Persepolis destroyed</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":3,"3":330}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom;">330</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Parsa (`The City of the Persians\u2019) in modern day Iran"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Parsa (`The City of the Persians’) in modern day Iran</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Victor: Alexander the Great; The city was destroyed (cause still hypothesised)"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">Victor: Alexander the Great; The city was destroyed (cause still hypothesised)</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Zeno"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Zeno</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":3,"3":321}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom;">321</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Stocism"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Stocism</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Aristarchus"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Aristarchus</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"ca. 310-ca. 230"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">ca. 310-ca. 230</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"heliocentric solar system"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">heliocentric solar system</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Epicurus"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Epicurus</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"ca. 306"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">ca. 306</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"philosopher"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">philosopher</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Lysimachus Kingdom"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Lysimachus Kingdom</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"western Asia Minor, Thrace and Macedonia "}" style="color: black; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: bottom;">western Asia Minor, Thrace and Macedonia </td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"kingdom built on sand"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">kingdom built on sand</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"executed his heir for treson"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">executed his heir for treson</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Seleuid Kingdom"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Seleuid Kingdom</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"305-64"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">305-64</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Babylon & much of Alexander's territories in the Near East"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Babylon & much of Alexander's territories in the Near East</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"by 1st century BC the Seleuid Kingdom had faded away"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">by 1st century BC the Seleuid Kingdom had faded away</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Ptolemaic Egypt"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Ptolemaic Egypt</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"305-30"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">305-30</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Egypt"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Egypt</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Ptoley was adviser to Alexander, appointed governor of Egypt, then King"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Ptoley was adviser to Alexander, appointed governor of Egypt, then King</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Euclid"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Euclid</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"ca. 300"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">ca. 300</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Published Elements on mathematics"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Published Elements on mathematics</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Archimedes"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Archimedes</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"ca. 220"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">ca. 220</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"advances enginering: theory of displacement, boyancy, \"Eureka!\""}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">advances enginering: theory of displacement, boyancy, "Eureka!"</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Rosetta Stone"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Rosetta Stone</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"205/197"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">205/197</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":" "}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"> </td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"in Greek, demotic, and hierogyyphs"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">in Greek, demotic, and hierogyyphs</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Hipparchus"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Hipparchus</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"190-120"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">190-120</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Nicea"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Nicea</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"trigonometry, latitude, longitude, equinoxes"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">trigonometry, latitude, longitude, equinoxes</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Maccabean Revolt"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Maccabean Revolt</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"166-164"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">166-164</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Judea"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Judea</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":" Antiochus IV, Epiphanessought to destroy all who worshiped God; mothers & circumcised infants were executed, defiled the Temple...\n"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;"> Antiochus IV, Epiphanessought to destroy all who worshiped God; mothers & circumcised infants were executed, defiled the Temple...</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"revolt against Seleucid Empire by the four sons of the priest Mattathias. The last son, Simon, negiated for the independence of Judah in exchange for support during the civil war over who would be the next king of the Seleucid Empire."}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">revolt against Seleucid Empire by the four sons of the priest Mattathias. The last son, Simon, negiated for the independence of Judah in exchange for support during the civil war over who would be the next king of the Seleucid Empire.</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"http://www.zianet.com/maxey/Inter3.htm"}" style="color: #1155cc; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;"><a class="in-cell-link" href="http://www.zianet.com/maxey/Inter3.htm" target="_blank">http://www.zianet.com/maxey/Inter3.htm</a></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Rome"}" style="background-color: #b7e1cd; padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Rome</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":3,"3":131}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom;">131</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"becomes dominant force in the Mediterranean"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">becomes dominant force in the Mediterranean</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
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<tr style="height: 21px;"><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Compiled by Mrs. Julie Richey, M.A."}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;">Compiled by Mrs. Julie Richey, M.A.</td><td data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"revised 9/23/2016"}" style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word; wrap-strategy: 4;">revised 9/23/2016</td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="padding: 2px 3px 2px 3px; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
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Mrs. Richeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16829783318536366625noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5927515941942630108.post-27574193087909494132016-09-15T18:19:00.001-05:002016-09-15T18:24:12.951-05:00Greek Poleis, Hellenistic Kingdoms 337-31 B.C.: BC Timeline: Western Civilization I<div dir="ltr" id="docs-internal-guid-c483436f-3022-7bc0-a772-b5783d44d841" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">BC Timeline: Western Civilization I</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Greek Poleis, Hellenistic Kingdoms 337-31 B.C.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Compiled by Mrs.Julie Richey, M.A.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">594 Solon appointed archeon </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">of Athens </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Image result for solon of athens" height="112" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/gwVCdwyEH29vig8nWhk0Dpsh9bQooYFnb5aLV_9nlQjUQCtJ4jGfYFp0ylKBFTzTvLpALog2SR-5g4We5TQgW_0r_aBLIVzN1sVSAwHOXM0XgP_Ibdp6a84JSwCFNEuJtswgICSn" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" title="View source image" width="119" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sherman Dennis and Joyce Salisbury. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">The West in the World: A History of Western Civilization</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Solon Put Athens on the Road to Democracy </span><a href="http://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-22-3-the-rule-of-law-in-dangerous-times.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">The Rule of Law in Dangerous Times</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS FOUNDATION: </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Bill of Rights in Action. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Fall 2006 (22:3)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">500 Roman republic founded 1 </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">495-429 Pericles leads Athens, builds Acropolis temples 14</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 480 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Pass of Thermopylae" </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 13.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(Spartans betrayed; Persians won) </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">30, 31, 32, 34</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">479-336 Classical (Greece) Age 14, 35</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">469–399 Socrates 14, 37</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 37 Nails, Debra, "Socrates", </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(Spring 2014 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2014/entries/socrates/>. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><a href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/socrates/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/socrates/</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">460 Age of Pericles</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="84" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/UMtp5LAsQnI-5Gbw0JaPqUJiIPrB5hzmFdcg3-JxkqqrWVxTcrTnMLgYFYFk_uOJy31tLYl2Aphb7alYGTeLCObD0gYzkpBXaYthbAVdcQWEbFHZ1ySK1Fpw8oIk6AvA8m7q8fbC" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="55" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">; height of Athenean democracy </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ellis Elisabeth Gaynor and Anthony Esler. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">World History.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><a href="https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?&id=Ac13b2278517451a3f11b61188dfae58c&w=197&h=300&c=0&pid=1.9&rs=0&p=0&r=0" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?&id=Ac13b2278517451a3f11b61188dfae58c&w=197&h=300&c=0&pid=1.9&rs=0&p=0&r=0</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> image of Pericles </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><a href="http://www.biography.com/people/pericles-9437722" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.biography.com/people/pericles-9437722</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Pericles bio</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ca. 460-377 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Image result for hippocrates" height="73" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/r5lJgsClIG3Vi821lrT7aqetts7PN7JHvhokcqr2eBUDhrU518baPMFn_2-r7XEHXuxfPfkgJEff_aV2EISg2PYNjAhKXJlG-DfqFYRa28ATaARwtVw5oftrZCA8yGXB8dMXz4yr" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" title="View source image" width="67" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Hippocrates “Father of Modern Medicine” 14, 36, 48</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 48</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> image and summary of Hippocrates</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><a href="http://medicalhistory101.blogspot.com/2012/10/hippocrates.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://medicalhistory101.blogspot.com/2012/10/hippocrates.html</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">431–404 Peloponnesian War </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (Athens vs. Sparta) 14, 34, 35,</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">49</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">** </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">49</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> The Golden Age of Athens, student video summary. (5:29) </span><a href="https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=pericles&&view=detail&mid=60AC85BC048B84D35CB460AC85BC048B84D35CB4&rvsmid=60AC85BC048B84D35CB460AC85BC048B84D35CB4&fsscr=0&FORM=VDMCNL" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=pericles&&view=detail&mid=60AC85BC048B84D35CB460AC85BC048B84D35CB4&rvsmid=60AC85BC048B84D35CB460AC85BC048B84D35CB4&fsscr=0&FORM=VDMCNL</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ca. 400 - ca. 325 Diogenes </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Image result for Diogenes " height="117" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/0A27wa6Mqmaqqn98FyEjXo7q1YjumGLLLrGdns77iGOF1V-mLN9iYvgiiC_joYuEhpNoxUgBf7Ba33Hj69dBNLKKCiCIm6tMCgFH4qL-wa85r7PABw7nYvaJcowQvUcrXp9l0dS1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" title="View source image" width="65" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">advocates Cynicism </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">41, 50, 51</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 50 image of Diogenes </span><a href="http://dogsmakeeverythingbetter.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/diogenes_and_dog.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://dogsmakeeverythingbetter.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/diogenes_and_dog.jpg</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 51 video summary of “An Honest Man: Diogenes of Sinope” (7:26) </span><a href="https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Diogenes+Honest+Man&&view=detail&mid=F2C02A9880430D59E44AF2C02A9880430D59E44A&FORM=VRDGAR" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Diogenes+Honest+Man&&view=detail&mid=F2C02A9880430D59E44AF2C02A9880430D59E44A&FORM=VRDGAR</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">400 -323 Decline of the Poleis</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (democratically ruled city-states of Ancient Greece) 41</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">399 Death of </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="http://www.the-open-mind.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/socrates.jpg" height="38" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/rnE2AJrY6-8NWwZTfUWvUhQUrN2kF4Q2jfnCRyub9Nq-eJd3pN-hKnGFA_Q1UoY66tXp7GM5ajDZgphHE5eHMT_wVRyhSELgYbAPupPGw3pNndPNMTxLylGoOEZypN3-a4Wn8S_X" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="43" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Socrates </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">14, 37, 53, 54</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 53 image of Socrates, “The Test of Three”. </span><a href="http://www.the-open-mind.com/socrates-the-test-of-three-1/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.the-open-mind.com/socrates-the-test-of-three-1/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 54 Plato’s </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Republic</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">; explanation of Socratic Method. </span><a href="https://www.scu.edu/character/resources/education-in-platos-republic/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.scu.edu/character/resources/education-in-platos-republic/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">5 July 371 Spartans were defeated by Thebes at the</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Battle of Leuctra </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">399-347 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Plato </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">flourishes 14, 39,</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="http://www.ancient.eu/uploads/images/1165.jpg" height="128" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/Lf3zYfia7Gj-tkz8t8Gb069B_7szC1jzeFycmilje797kE3-tuS4BqOzCp15owmXvJhtOYf3Us1_BSr_ukqg4vgJeOrJeEl4qbTnd_1cvwr0Dyl18aB7Ktckr5rJzE8LvgHRIf-A" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="86" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Plato’s </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Republic</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">; explanation of Socratic Method. </span><a href="https://www.scu.edu/character/resources/education-in-platos-republic/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.scu.edu/character/resources/education-in-platos-republic/</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">359-336 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="118" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/fI8DJ_1zPtqWQJCC1F5wFOf8pQHzYbqkBagXUQmExpD9t5Hi5-KJ4ColYvnLaQ-53qSCDAV63kC9D1y8xEMfX9IROqE3ENXGKA27X00OD2EGFWEDRTPAoTmOd5amDNAPwEhk_hXq" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="77" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Philip II rules Macedonia </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Image result for Ancient Greek Battle Strategies" height="89" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/Tx4lZXnDSzfrZduwsvGZG4ajFBg-OITkWW9GqNV93CCM0jG22NImgpxmw7o2mfT-qoGiTjtaGrybsFwDj4T_IMyPrmkSRZXc8b6YMWnAvHZIY9SAx-W5zJxSMluzBFW67LT8ffbM" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" title="View source image" width="166" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 52 image of King Philip II of Macedonia </span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philip-II-king-of-Macedonia/images-videos/Philip-II-undated-bust/112270" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philip-II-king-of-Macedonia/images-videos/Philip-II-undated-bust/112270</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 56 </span><a href="http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/punic-wars" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/punic-wars</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 57 </span><a href="http://scottthong.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/800px-phalanx.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://scottthong.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/800px-phalanx.jpg</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ca. 342 - ca. 292 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="141" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/MR-6OM5iZu16hSD2xGoQQxsDl2xCE9d0iqhyC2WFeUmVHECRL4XcRwnAvgOQ1k9tEwhyF5SYxWR2Lb8tbhfGeKmYoQ7A4fPA0TcQKuUhE7hZbKMFBqxveI6e7ko9qgU3WpnsZlxR" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="300" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Life of playwright Menander </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“From Greek to Roman Theater Architecture ” </span><a href="https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Menander+Dramatist&&view=detail&mid=33D2E4CF2CB5D5365BBE33D2E4CF2CB5D5365BBE&rvsmid=71F86E6EA524B6999D1C71F86E6EA524B6999D1C&fsscr=0&FORM=VDMCNR" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Menander+Dramatist&&view=detail&mid=33D2E4CF2CB5D5365BBE33D2E4CF2CB5D5365BBE&rvsmid=71F86E6EA524B6999D1C71F86E6EA524B6999D1C&fsscr=0&FORM=VDMCNR</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">338 Philip conquers Greece </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="123" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-FWfDZQowm64MYpLZo1TfYFtZZoXYmP1tQoCOq_RpWYEd-f3me46ALvjY50ANHrunZTwQIb3Qu0BNAM70_Crf6MWMydkuTltJU9mhR8yRe3svtCcvEtDHZhs9LCeN2NxnoUBfoZP" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="177" /></span><a href="https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?&id=OIP.Maa074fd51289a99c7b814a31137881cfo0&w=300&h=208&c=0&pid=1.9&rs=0&p=0&r=0" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?&id=OIP.Maa074fd51289a99c7b814a31137881cfo0&w=300&h=208&c=0&pid=1.9&rs=0&p=0&r=0</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> map image</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> “</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Macedonia vs City States at the Battle in Chaeronea - Documentary” (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">8:29)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(8:29)</span><a href="https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=338+philip+conquered+greece&&view=detail&mid=A89848BB909D4BEF3678A89848BB909D4BEF3678&FORM=VRDGAR" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=338+philip+conquered+greece&&view=detail&mid=A89848BB909D4BEF3678A89848BB909D4BEF3678&FORM=VRDGAR</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">337/336-323 Alexander the Great rules </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="180" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/ukFp4UrSxL0Mis4yAMk7pBM92V4KcyiWNMjP6Wdd8HLYjZKg5mSUyPnWTaRHgVydYyoAjLaEWhzw2iQanxXdaEys3-p3p-QHz08Ec4d_z4aIc2jv_aS4DCc4g6TGCblHUvgVzrEx" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="300" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> image </span><a href="https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=alexander+the+great&view=detailv2&&id=7351D0953C4D456291E2CED799235F70C4B19E2B&selectedIndex=6&ccid=x%2bbVjeIh&simid=608002980396729737&thid=OIP.Mc7e6d58de2211d79dd19f2825709ab44o0" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=alexander+the+great&view=detailv2&&id=7351D0953C4D456291E2CED799235F70C4B19E2B&selectedIndex=6&ccid=x%2bbVjeIh&simid=608002980396729737&thid=OIP.Mc7e6d58de2211d79dd19f2825709ab44o0</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">337-31 Hellenistic Kingdoms </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">was the absolute rule by kings after the death of Alexander until the rise of Rome. 41</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ca. 335 - ca. 280 Life of physician Herophilus </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="150" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/3upAuxVPe_NxDjbceqvg7MndSdlJYcERUqxbSXRK5kNs0pHE0con4eWNTqX3Mr2OnktHe11p4L3DWvaHtBzG8N4CtskRU6eYQ8E_GoUyV0yox40d00Q2doUsl6cHldG17eThTQmR" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="210" /></span><a href="https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Herophilus%27+Tools&view=detailv2&&id=7DF831FC6985A767BF77D67000070C03E35D04A0&selectedIndex=9&ccid=KXwdhlLo&simid=608030588443362922&thid=OIP.M297c1d8652e8659370b5e87675759a95o0" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Herophilus%27+Tools&view=detailv2&&id=7DF831FC6985A767BF77D67000070C03E35D04A0&selectedIndex=9&ccid=KXwdhlLo&simid=608030588443362922&thid=OIP.M297c1d8652e8659370b5e87675759a95o0</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">image of quote</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Father of Anatomy </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(used dissection)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">333 Battle of Issus</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><a href="http://www.ancient.eu/Battle_of_Issus/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.ancient.eu/Battle_of_Issus/</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> summary and maps</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> “</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Alexander The Great The Battle Of Issus”</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (44:46) Narration: Brian Cox </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ds_g_QiFsBE" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ds_g_QiFsBE</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">332 Alexander conquers Egypt </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 41</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Established Alexandria at the mouth of the Nile River.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">14 November </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">332 Alexander’s coronation as Pharaoh of Egypt</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><a href="http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/alexanderthegreat.htm" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/alexanderthegreat.htm</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> summary</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 1st October 331 Battle of Gaugamela (Arbela): </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Alexander the Great of Macedon (victor) vs. King Darius III of Persia. 41, 45</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">45 </span><a href="http://www.ancient.eu/Battle_of_Gaugamela/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.ancient.eu/Battle_of_Gaugamela/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">330 Alexander destroys Persepolis (Persian capital) </span><a href="https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=330+Alexander+destroys+Persepolis&view=detail&mid=BD37EC1A63BC787EDE41BD37EC1A63BC787EDE41&FORM=VIRE" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=330+Alexander+destroys+Persepolis&view=detail&mid=BD37EC1A63BC787EDE41BD37EC1A63BC787EDE41&FORM=VIRE</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(7:46) </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“Destroying of Persepolis - End of the Persian empire”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">323 Alexander the Great dies </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Successor kingdoms established</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (Seleucid, Ptolemaic, Antigonid, ...) 41</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Hellenistic Age </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">begins 42</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">322 Death of Aristotle 14, 40</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">321 Zeno founds Stoicism </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="217" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/Ff_LtaHO4dLw9yUSEygGSrFUqJ8BuuBrLVIvWfS5zKZyHwGbH9vFE4cZx2IxunJ-NM6KzlUL3y9Fjwc1HnEbdFYrmIZ5uFv9RnJKsYaX_cRdYj3cpkPVxdrtOHov271vjhIMuPj6" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="290" /></span><a href="https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=321+Zeno+founds+Stoicism&view=detailv2&&id=553405F0BE9916F25EEB86FCB1B5A4E1FE369619&selectedIndex=2&ccid=VBlFO%2bEm&simid=607987857817732482&thid=OIP.M5419453be126adfb6b835667b810dc09o0" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=321+Zeno+founds+Stoicism&view=detailv2&&id=553405F0BE9916F25EEB86FCB1B5A4E1FE369619&selectedIndex=2&ccid=VBlFO%2bEm&simid=607987857817732482&thid=OIP.M5419453be126adfb6b835667b810dc09o0</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ca. 310 - ca. 230 Life of Aristarchus, who posited heliocentric universe </span></div>
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<a href="http://physics.gmu.edu/~hgeller/Lec01dHG/tsld016.htm" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://physics.gmu.edu/~hgeller/Lec01dHG/tsld016.htm</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(sun at center with other bodies revolving around the sun)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ca. 306 Epicurus founds school of philosophy </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Image result for Epicurus Quotes" height="172" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ek_915c_vmchClJ9TdyQTUhL3ijKApgRXkdCEKn7Dgg0j3GVcPmunCnNAuZK85zsxyPJct0WlrKZuwutFfM5qmJjmfs4dZPeUJ_-jzcfzcik8B2JV-zEpVOBmVeqGcFi-r0DLkh_" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" title="View source image" width="249" /></span><a href="http://www.bentleywoodbridge.com/magazine/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Epicurus-Quotes-2.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.bentleywoodbridge.com/magazine/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Epicurus-Quotes-2.jpg</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> image</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">305-64 Seleucid Kingdom </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (Babylon and much of Alexander’s territories in the near east.) </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Image result for seleucid kingdom" height="222" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/0M-FW7Qacsnf2HMFDqqyUIpljyAjeqpyV5VzkN13bNJErtQ4rB-ZU_LeyhbaZd-sVh7fTqMbOFN0YJ9EZnOQosi6QSgph4EYvfFLrvdZMGLZJqGkeMGezAvxscvoJb2cgKrjrfAn" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" title="View source image" width="411" /></span><a href="http://realhistoryww.com/world_history/ancient/Maps/Map_Seleucid_empire.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://realhistoryww.com/world_history/ancient/Maps/Map_Seleucid_empire.jpg</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">305-30 Ptolemaic Egypt</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ca. 300 Euclid published </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Elements</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> on mathematics. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Image result for Who Was Herophilus" height="94" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/sF2l7Tnw7VxR5TrhojMMp4FXSr828jKfgdAocN1zghZjA_NW_vXTx3hnoQ8DFnGSaDksAV53Mjvy-7ErzT6qGo1ba9ASJDA8OVPR1T0P4yBzbFPH3s_APjArC27pessRjoMsCIlx" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" title="View source image" width="74" /></span><a href="http://www.touregypt.net/images/touregypt/mouseion8.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.touregypt.net/images/touregypt/mouseion8.jpg</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> image</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">264-146 Punic Wars (series of three wars between Rome and Carthage)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ca. 220 Archimedes advances engineering. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="130" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/yPFHPxtBxo5-jAFjkaG41EGnNWMc2GNrCEyDuUu9P7ZYB7OySbndIZXOxtI9uLYHmJZ8VYZV03BFIyW7xnFlKaFQc2XNXoGsu0Wj8jVxE8Pn_Qsq0e0016k5GgUg5UXOKIIaHuPw" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="97" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(theory of displacement, boyancy) </span><a href="https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Archimedes+Eureka+Moment&view=detailv2&&id=168A3681280332EF4EF285E8E26EE5CE4AC142A2&selectedIndex=0&ccid=4uUIz%2fpc&simid=608054086209831011&thid=OIP.Me2e508cffa5c3774bcf11902992a8d1fo0" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Archimedes+Eureka+Moment&view=detailv2&&id=168A3681280332EF4EF285E8E26EE5CE4AC142A2&selectedIndex=0&ccid=4uUIz%2fpc&simid=608054086209831011&thid=OIP.Me2e508cffa5c3774bcf11902992a8d1fo0</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> image</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><a href="https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Who+Said+Eureka&&view=detail&mid=0865C79A5F8B24C07C330865C79A5F8B24C07C33&FORM=VRDGAR" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Who+Said+Eureka&&view=detail&mid=0865C79A5F8B24C07C330865C79A5F8B24C07C33&FORM=VRDGAR</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0v86Yk14rf8" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The real story behind Archimedes’ Eureka! - Armand D'Angour </span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(4:41)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">205 Rosetta Stone </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">records the coronation of Ptolemy V in Greek, demotic, and hieroglyphic scripts.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 3</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">197 Rosetta Stone</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="193" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/Wh-b8mRhc-mOOuf8CSwlfd6MMok78kDRGD-fQVWbt_JRpgmnlYnXwJD_EZnUxnJmldPscMtUFxXcbD2pooxRRSu6xqy27gw5XDhf9YX-pvXgZlLx6qhqV11cBGOEOMMHP3QPHfHT" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="299" /></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=205+Rosetta+Stone+Ptolemy&&view=detail&mid=0EF7E32A6F7BF437E01F0EF7E32A6F7BF437E01F&FORM=VRDGAR" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=205+Rosetta+Stone+Ptolemy&&view=detail&mid=0EF7E32A6F7BF437E01F0EF7E32A6F7BF437E01F&FORM=VRDGAR</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (7:37)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><a href="https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=egypt+writing+stone+broken&view=detailv2&&id=A24A6AB99EEF661BFB3F9C008E9D20B33545E910&selectedIndex=74&ccid=wCgtT9rS&simid=607990147029929925&thid=OIP.Mc0282d4fdad25ee50f1e9549683692bco0" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=egypt+writing+stone+broken&view=detailv2&&id=A24A6AB99EEF661BFB3F9C008E9D20B33545E910&selectedIndex=74&ccid=wCgtT9rS&simid=607990147029929925&thid=OIP.Mc0282d4fdad25ee50f1e9549683692bco0</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> image</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">190-120 Hipparchus of Nicaea </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(trigonometry, latitude, longitude, equinoxes) </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><a href="http://www.astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro201/hipparchus.htm" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro201/hipparchus.htm</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Image result for hipparchus" height="155" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/K2MqLK8NWq6d9IUeUFQl55aeycapQGQRoHRH2B3rIHn6Lu-dFmN8zUgLZY21V8MozySELWAiSgTW-_4DXb1VbtTUP0HMF2WowrDMW4SPmbtqqBlRxvKU1UBTbGIZvTGagK4UHH-K" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="123" /></span><a href="https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?id=A0d62f8347ad8e01f0272187bf3365b91&w=118&h=149&c=7&rs=1&qlt=90&pid=3.1&rm=2" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?id=A0d62f8347ad8e01f0272187bf3365b91&w=118&h=149&c=7&rs=1&qlt=90&pid=3.1&rm=2</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> image</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">166-164 Maccabean Revolt </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="180" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/4GO4U_NRVL0ZelTWfVVCPZ0fXc5UVxZYPaiPJpAaqLJOSGt_ksvwmcjLY09bIa8jhcQGJBU_gT6KBbKHiNfAiJBC_1tgly-u4P_3zTU6u7JCvYyU_S6yBR7UXdqQcCfleirqJ41Z" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="289" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><a href="http://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/maccabean-revolt/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/maccabean-revolt/</span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">131 Rome becomes the dominant civilization in the Mediterranean </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">42</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Greek Poleis, Hellenistic Kingdoms </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 41 Sherman Dennis and Joyce Salisbury. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">The West in the World: A History of Western Civilization</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 5th ed. New York: NY: McGraw Hill Education ISBN: 978-0-07-340703-6 pp.74-101</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 42 Ellis Elisabeth Gaynor and Anthony Esler. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">World History.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. 2009. ISBN:978-0-13-365191-1 </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><a href="https://quizlet.com/19543357/western-civilization-exam-one-flash-cards/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://quizlet.com/19543357/western-civilization-exam-one-flash-cards/</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Note, these flashcards cover a longer period than this timeline.</span></div>
Mrs. Richeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16829783318536366625noreply@blogger.com0