Chapter
13: The Struggle for Survival and Sovereignty:
Europe’s
Social and Political Order,
1600-1715
[1]
First Tsar of Russia, ruthlessly expanded lands and
central control.
1584-1613 Russia’s
time of Troubles
The late 1590s and early 1600s were a particularly bad
phase of the "little ice
age" that afflicted all Europe - the winters of exceptional severity
that it produced, impacted Russia even worse than areas with milder climates.
Furthermore, the poor crops coincided with an increase in the taxes and
exactions of government and landlords, so many peasants fled their lands.[5]
The solutions were rigid centralized
authority (Poland) or more power to the nobles (Russia).
1589-1792 Bourbon
Dynasty of France
“Good King Henry”; first monarch of
the House of Bourbon;
August 24, 1572: St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre (Henry
IV escaped with the help of his wife, if he converted to Catholicism.[7]
Edict
of Nates (1610): Henry IV issued freedom
of religion to Protestants, even though he had converted to Catholicism.
“I want there to be no peasant in my
kingdom so poor that he cannot have a chicken in his pot every Sunday.”—Henry
IV
1603-1714 Stuart
Dynasty in England
King James VI of Scotland in 1566
and became King James I of England and Ireland in 1603-1625. He was the first
Stuart king. The Stuarts were of Scottish
origins and generally Catholic. They ruled a Protestant nation, in which the
Parliament distrusted them and sought to limit their power, and in 1642 Civil
War[8]
1613-1917
Romanov Dynasty in Russia[9]
(see note for list of 18 czars & czarinas)
Mikhail Feodorovich......................1613-1645
(First Romanov czar)
1618-1648
Thirty Years’ War[10]
Battles throughout most of Europe, over religious,
dynastic, territorial, and commercial rivalries. Ended with the 1648 Treaty of
Westphalia. The Map of Europe was changed.
1625 Charles I
becomes king
1629 Charles I dissolves
Parliament (first of three times) He needed Parliament to provide money for …
in exchange they wanted more of a say in how it was spent (impeachment of the
King’s advisor Buckingham) or they shorted the term of the funds appropriation.[11]
1640-1688
Reign of Frederick William in Prussia “The Great Elector” He united Prussia into a monarchy which was
dependent on the nobles.[12]
1642-1649 Civil War
in England. Royalists (Roundheads) vs. Parliamentarians
“The English
Civil Wars (1642-1651) stemmed from conflict between Charles I and Parliament
over an Irish insurrection. The first war was settled with Oliver Cromwell’s
victory for Parliamentary forces at the 1645 Battle of Naseby. The second phase
ended with Charles’ defeat at the Battle of Preston and his subsequent
execution in 1649. Charles’ son, Charles, then formed an army of English and
Scottish Royalists, which prompted Cromwell to invade Scotland in 1650. The
following year, Cromwell shattered the remaining Royalist forces and ended the
“wars of the three kingdoms,” though Charles II eventually ascended to the
throne in 1660.”[13]
1649 Charles I executed
Oliver Cromwell became the
Protectorate of England
1643-1715 Reign of Louis XIV in
France
“divine
right” absolutism; patronage at Versailles; [14]
1648 Treaty of
Westphalia = end of the Thirty Years War
1648-1653 The Fronde “the sling”
(civil war) in France[15]
A
protest of Cardinal Mazarin’s taking power from nobels.
1649-1660 Commonwealth
in England
The Rump Parliament declared England
a Commonwealth (republic)
1651 Thomas Hobbes,
The Leviathan
An absolute monarchy would save people from a
“nasty, brutish, and short” life. [16]
1660 Restoration of
English monarchy with Charles II
1683
Siege of Vienna by Ottoman forces
Attempt by Suleiman the
Magnificent ’s forces to take Vienna, Austria, furthest extent of Ottoman
Empire.
1685
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in France
“The
Cardinal
de Richelieu, who regarded its political and military clauses as a danger
to the state, annulled them by the Peace of Alès in 1629. On October 18, 1685, Louis XIV
formally revoked the Edict of Nantes and deprived the French Protestants of all
religious and civil liberties. Within a few years, more than 400,000 persecuted
Huguenots emigrated—to England, Prussia, Holland, and
America—depriving France of its most industrious commercial class.”[17]
1685 James II
becomes king of England
1688 Glorious
Revolution in England: James II of England overthrown and William III invaded
1688-1713
Reign of Frederick I in Prussia
1689 William and
Mary become monarchs of England
1689-1725
Reign of Peter the Great in Russia
1690 English
philosopher John Locke, Second Treatise
of Government
Established, in theory, the
framework for constitutional government[18]
1713-1714
Peace of Utrecht: a series of treaties regarding the Spanish succession,
colonies, …[19]
1721
Treaty of Nystad: ended Great Northern War between Swedens and the Russians and
Danes[20]
[1] study questions, then take
the quizzes, email results http://glencoe.mheducation.com/sites/0021438374/student_view0/chapter13/chapter_summaries.html
[2] In
Microsoft Word, go to References tap then click “insert footnote”
[3]
Dennis Sherman and Joyce Salisbury. West in the World,
5th ed. (New York: McGraw Hill Education, 2014), 391, 396, 417.
[4] https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=ivan+the+terrible&FORM=IARRTH&ufn=ivan+the+terrible&stid=2055301c-b5ee-2491-bd5f-e8db219ef299&cbn=EntityAnswer&cbi=0&FORM=IARRTH
[6] https://tse1.mm.bing.net/th?id=A9997cd76477d6d51eb725675d7d8ca37&w=147&h=183&c=8&rs=1&qlt=90&pid=3.1&rm=2
[16] Dennis
Sherman and Joyce Salisbury. West in the World, 5th ed. (New York:
McGraw Hill Education, 2014), 416.
[18] Ibid.,
418-419.
[20] etc.usf.edu/maps/pages/7400/7434/7434.htm
