BC Timeline: Western Civilization I
Greece 2000-338
Compiled by Mrs.Julie Richey, M.A.
3300 City-states flourish in Sumer 1
3200-ca. 300 Phoenecia
3000 Sumerians develop cuneiform 2,5
ca. 3000 Stonehenge 5
ca. 3000 Papyrus used by Egyptians 5
2700-323 Egyptian Civilization 2
ca. 2700-2181 Egypt’s Old Kingdom 2
2575 Egypt’s Old Kingdom begins 1
2560 Sumerian Text from Abu Salabikh 5,10
2560 completion of Great Pyramid at Giza 5
2300 King Sargon of Akkat conquers Sumer 1
2300-2000 Akkadians (Akkat) 1,9
2300 - ca.1100 Hittite Empire 7
2181-2140 Egypt’s First Intermediate Period 2
ca. 2060-1785 Egypt’s Middle Kingdom 2
2000 Kingdom of Nubia develops along the Nile 1,11
2000 -1700 Hebrew Patriarchs 2
2000-1450 Minoan Civilization on the Island of Crete 14, 17, 20, 26
1800 alphabetic writing emerges 5
1790 King Hammurabi of Babylon issues first written code 1
ca. 1785-1575 Egypt’s Second Intermediate Period 2
1750-133 Ancient Greece 15, 21
1600 Minoan civilization on Crete destroyed by eruption of Santorini Island 5
1570-1085 Egypt’s New Kingdom 2
1500 beginning of Hittite dominance in Eastern Mediterranean 5
1500-300 Phoenicians 8
ca. 1504-1482 Pharaoh Hatshepsut 2
1450 destruction of Minoan Civilization on the Island of Crete 14
ca. 1377-1360 Pharaoh Akhenaten 2
King Tut ruled from age 9-18 son-in-law of Pharaoh Akhenaten 2
ca. 1279-1213 Pharaoh Ramses II 2
1274 Battle of Kadesh (Egyptians v. Hittites) 2, 7
ca. 1250 Hebrews, Moses Exodus from Egypt 2
ca. 1200-1050 Hebrew Judges 2
ca. 1250 Trojan War (The ten year siege of Troy by Spartans & Achaeans, Immortalized by Homer’s Iliad) 14, 22
ca. 1184 Trojan War (Homer’s Illiad) 5
1100 Assyrians expand across Mesopotamia 1
1100 use of Iron spreads 5
1100 decline of Mycenaean Civilization 14
c. 1200--700 Greek Dark Ages 23
ca. 1100- 900 Greek Dark Ages 15
ca. 1100- 750 Greek Dark Ages 14
ca. 1024- ca. 1000 Hebrew, King Saul 2
1000 Kingdom of Israel established 1
ca. 1000- ca. 961 King David 2
Ca. 961 - ca. 922 King Solomon 2
960 Solomon’s Temple in Jerusalem 4
911-612 Assyrian Empire 2
ca. 800 Hebrew Prophets 2
800 rise of Greek city-states 5
750 Greek city-states begin to develop 1, 24
750-500 Greek Colonization 14, 25
ca. 750-479 Archaic Age 14
c. 800- c. 701 Homer 27
ca. 750 Homer composes Iliad and Odyssey 14, 15, 28 (Iliad audio), 28 (Odyssey 29)
722 Assyrians conquered Israel 4
721 Israel fell to the Neo-Assyrian Empire and the population was deported (replaced by Assyrian settlements)
653 Rise of Persian Empire 5
612 Fall of Nineveh, Assyria to Babylonians 5,6
612-539 Babylonian (Chaldean) Empire 2,6
587 Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II defeated Judah, sacked Jerusalem (destroying the temple) and deported the aristocracy, scribes and skilled craftsmen back to Babylon (known as the Babylonian Captivity). Following the sack of Samaria, the destruction of Jerusalem and the Diaspora 12, 2, 4, 5
553 - 330 Persian Empire 4
550-330 Persian Empire 2
550 Foundation of Persian Empire by Cyrus the Great 5
539/538 Persian King Cyrus defeats Babylonians & allows Hebrews to return to Jerusalem 5
522 King Darius begins to unify Persian empire 1,2,6
515- 70 BC Hebrew’s Second Temple built in Jerusalem 2, 4
512 Darius I of Persia subjugates eastern Thrace, Macedonia submits voluntarily, and annexes Libya. Persian Empire at largest extent. 5
500 Roman republic founded 1
495-429 Pericles leads Athens, builds Acropolis temples 14
490-479 Persian Wars with Greece 14, 30
490 First Persian invasion of Greece repelled at the Battle of Marathon; first marathon 14,30
480-479 Second Persian Invasion repelled 14
480 "Pass of Thermopylae" (Spartans betrayed; Persians won) 30, 31, 32, 34
29 September 480 naval battle at Salamis (Athens won) 30, 33, 34
479 land battle at Plataea (Spartans won) 30, 34
479-404 Golden Age of Athens 14, 35
479-336 Classical (Greece) Age 14, 35
469–399 Socrates 14, 37
ca. 460-377 Hippocrates “Father of Modern Medicine” 14, 36
431–404 Peloponnesian War (Athens vs. Sparta) 14, 34, 35
399 Death of Socrates 14, 37
5 July 371 Spartans were defeated by Thebes at the Battle of Leuctra 16, 38
399-347 Plato flourishes 14, 39
322 Death of Aristotle 14, 40
205 Rosetta Stone records the coronation of Ptolemy V in Greek, demotic, and hieroglyphic scripts. 3
Cite:
Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt and the Middle East
1 Ellis Elisabeth Gaynor and Anthony Esler. World History. Pearson Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. 2009. ISBN:978-0-13-365191-1
2 Sherman Dennis and Joyce Salisbury. The West in the World: A History of Western Civilization 5th ed. New York: NY: McGraw Hill Education ISBN: 978-0-07-340703-6
3 Oakes Lorna and Lucia Gahlin. Ancient Egypt: An Illustrated Reference to the Myths, Religions, Pyramids and Temples of the Land of the Pharaohs. Hermes House:London 202. P.490
4 Britt P. “Western Civilization Until 18th Century Timeline” YouTube viewed:3 September 2016.
5 Astron. “Timelines of Ancient History” 6:16 (D) YouTube viewed: 4 September 2016. “(D)”means there are discrepancies, carefully watch and compare.
Greece
14 Sherman Dennis and Joyce Salisbury. The West in the World: A History of Western Civilization 5th ed. New York: NY: McGraw Hill Education ISBN: 978-0-07-340703-6 pp 40-73
Minoans: Legendary King Minos, Labyrinth means “double headed axe” after the axes found in the maze like palaces. They learned to make bronze from Sumerians, and their foundries made bronze tools and weapons for trade. The Minoans were non-Greek (likely: Semitic from Mesopotamian region). script: Linear A (untranslated). Our knowledge of the Minoans comes from archeological remains, art: frescos (acrobats and a bull), legends, and records from those they traded with (the Greek Mycenaeans).
Hippocrates the“Father of Modern Medicine” said,“every disease has a natural cause and without natural causes nothing ever happens.” Hippocratic Oath (vow to do no harm to their patients) Hippocratic Collection established medicine on a rational basis. 14 (p.71)
15 Ellis Elisabeth Gaynor and Anthony Esler. World History. Pearson Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. 2009. ISBN:978-0-13-365191-1 pp.114-136
** 18 https://www.studyblue.com/#flashcard/view/1290659 excellent flashcards, study, quiz on Ancient Greeks
23 Lenz, John Richard, PhD dissertation http://www.academia.edu/8218390/Kings_and_the_Ideology_of_Kingship_in_Early_Greece_c._1200--700_BC_Epic_Archaeology_and_History_dissertation_
24 Thomas R. Martin, An Overview of Classical Greek History from Mycenae to Alexander
25 Excerpts from Homer, Odyssey, IX and colonization map, art, etc. http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/ARTH209/Orientalizing_Odyssey.html
26 Ancient History Sourcebook:Reports of Minos and Knossos http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/minos1.asp
28 https://librivox.org/the-iliad-by-homer-translated-by-samuel-butler/ (14:29:43) Homer’s Iliad tells of the ten year Seige of Troy.
Homer’s Odyssey tells of the troubles of those returning home after the siege of Troy.
31 The Battle of Thermopylae - Paean For Solo Lyre (artifacts, as well as pictorial representations, depicting the battle) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3FmEEJWUyBk&list=RD3FmEEJW
32 Greek Monument of Leonidas at Thermopylae. https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Leonidas+at+Thermopylae&&view=detail&mid=DC823F2228A9B868522CDC823F2228A9B868522C&rvsmid=DC823F2228A9B868522CDC823F2228A9B868522C&fsscr=0&FORM=VDMCNL
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